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Afloat.ie, Ireland's maritime website, has reached a new milestone in 2023, breaking the two million reader mark for the first time.

In one of a number of key metrics for Afloat.ie, the website's visitor numbers for the 12 months to date were 2,100,756, a rise of some 14%, giving a total of 3,123,633 page views. 

Afloat's 2023 unique visitor count Source: Clicky AnalyticsAfloat's 2023 unique visitor count Source: Clicky Analytics

The success of Afloat.ie can be attributed to its combination of opinion, hard news, and features, which has made it a key player in the national and international conversation on sailing, boating, and maritime affairs.

As regular readers know, the website's mission is to provide Irish sailing and boating clubs, classes, and the wider boating and maritime community with a comprehensive, reliable, and independent platform. In the age of AI, this matters more than ever. Verifiable, contextualised information is a vital resource, and the growing traffic figures show Afloat's content resonates with readers.

Despite the challenging climate for online media, Afloat.ie has not resorted to putting its content behind a paywall, thanks to the support of its readers. The website's marine journalism remains open to the widest possible audience, which is one of the keys to its growth.

Afloat.ie's success - over sixty years - would not have been possible without the passion and contributions of its full-time marine journalists, web developers, advertisers, and supporters dedicated to promoting Irish sailing and boating.

Afloat

As we enter the new year, Afloat aims to continue informing and entertaining its engaged boating audience. 

All of us at Afloat wish you the best for 2024, and we hope you will continue your valued support.

Merry Christmas

Published in News Update
Tagged under

If success has many fathers, while failure is an orphan, then Afloat.ie must be one of the most successful media outlets in Ireland. For in recent years, several people have proudly claimed to have been the founder of what is now a unique multi-purpose highly-illustrated maritime stream of consciousness and 24/7 nautical news coverage.

Yet, in a classic case of the experiences of the shoemaker’s children, we missed the news of Afloat’s own Golden Jubilee in March 2022. And also in 2022, we missed the 60th Anniversary of the first publication of the originating publication, Irish Yachting, in July/August 1962.

We can only plead that an outfit like Afloat.ie should be writing and analysing the story. It should not be the story. Nor indeed should Afloat.ie’s writers, despite the breaking this week of a story which has made such a situation unavoidable

SAILING’S SUCCESSFUL EMERGENCE FROM COVID THE BIG STORY

But further to all that, the big story in 2022 was the emergence from Covid of sailing in Ireland in all its glorious forms. Giving such a re-birth the prominence, analysis and celebration it deserved made routine Golden Jubilees of secondary importance, but maybe we can put them in further context now.

Dublin Bay sailing as it used to be popularly perceived – Richard Breeches Beechey’s portrayal of a Royal St George YC Regatta in the 1870s. Dublin Bay sailing as it used to be popularly perceived – Richard Breeches Beechey’s portrayal of a Royal St George YC Regatta in the 1870s

For the reality is that the provision of publicity for sailing in Ireland has often seemed to bring controversy in its wake, with the style being set by the Navigatio about the ocean voyages of St Brendan the Navigator. This was finally first published in the 12th Century, so as the voyages had taken place several centuries earlier, their precise veracity has naturally been subsequently queried. But as other respected documents and archaeological research have confirmed that voyaging Irish monks did indeed reach many remote places far beyond the horizon, the general theme and the Brendan story have been broadly accepted by most.

DID BRENDAN THE NAVIGATOR REALLY EXIST?

But it was not accepted by that singular maritime enthusiast, the late Dr John de Courcy Ireland. After extensive research in odd places in his own eccentric style, he concluded that no such person as St Brendan had ever existed. This was typical of Dr John. While his heart may have been in the right place as regards the maritime development of Ireland, his personal prejudices and weirder notions tended to get in the way of the big picture.

Thus when various modest proposals were being made to improve the waterfront infrastructure of his beloved Dun Laoghaire harbour, he vehemently opposed every one, and when asked how the harbour could best be used, he reverted to the world of his Edwardian childhood by asserting that it would be wonderful if Dun Laoghaire could be amply supplied with a fleet of rowing dinghies for hire, “so that the people could go afloat and savour the maritime experience for themselves”.

The Brendan currach departing from Kerry in 1976 to re-enact a voyage which engendered historical debate.The Brendan currach departing from Kerry in 1976 to re-enact a voyage which engendered historical debate

Then Tim Severin’s re-enactment of the Brendan voyage came along in 1976 to give Dr John’s view some prominence. But even when I suggested that we might agree that while there maybe was no such person as St Brendan, perhaps we could also agree that some remarkable voyages were made by someone of the same name, he was having none of it. Then he reverted to writing further narrow-vision histories of Dun Laoghaire, interspersed with gloom-inducing stories about the many maritime wrecks of Ireland, which seemed to me a very odd way to encourage a sea-minded outlook among the plain people of Ireland.

Fortunately, the development of recreational sailing in Ireland was not seen by him as being within his remit, so such things as the fleet of pleasure sailing boats maintained by Hugh Maguire on Lough Erne in the 16th century, and the well-recorded experiments against local sailing boats in Dublin Bay by Sir William Petty’s pioneering catamaran Simon & Jude in the 17th Century, went uncontested by the blessed Dr de Courcy Ireland.

CORK LEADS THE WAY

By the 18th Century, the activities of the pioneering Water Club of the Harbour of Cork were receiving so much attention in words and pictures that Ireland was something of a pace-setter in sailing journalism, a trend that continued in the 19th Century when the sailing in Cork Harbour and the new Kingstown Harbour were both taking places conveniently close to cities where several newspapers were being published.

Regular sailing reports were par for the course, even if they did tend to focus on the activities of “The Quality” assembled to watch the regattas from the shore rather than the often cut-throat sport of those afloat, where professional crews were often ruthless in pursuit of large money prizes.

However, in terms of publication in significant sailing-specific periodicals, coverage was dependent on local writing talent’s connections to London publications, with the occasional links to New York and Paris. But Kingstown/Dun Laoghaire in particular, seems to have been almost over-supplied in aspiring nautical journos, and many Irish stories appeared regularly in Hunt’s Yachting Magazine, and then in the ultimately well-established Yachtsman and the rather upstart Yachting World, founded in 1894.

The keen Kingstown correspondent for the new Yachting World in 1894 ensured publicity for Dublin Bay sailing.The keen Kingstown correspondent for the new Yachting World in 1894 ensured publicity for Dublin Bay sailing

In Cork, meanwhile, the great Harry Donegan was accustomed to dispose of his day’s work as a leading solicitor with maximum efficiency in order to devote his time to recording and promoting sailing, but the Great War and the subsequent turmoil within Ireland put everything on hold until 1929 and the foundation of the Irish Cruising Club. Its annual journal, beautifully printed from 1931 onwards by Colm O Lochlainn of the Three Candles Press, was the first regularly-published Irish sailing publication.

Harry Donegan of Cork led the way in providing sensible publicity for sailing in IrelandHarry Donegan of Cork led the way in providing sensible publicity for sailing in Ireland

DRAGON GOLD CUP WINNER BRINGS OUT “THE IRISH YACHTSMAN”

Then in the revival spirit which emerged after World War II, there was a rush to print. Errol McNally in Dublin aspired to publish a sailing magazine, but made do with a one-off Annual in 1946. Yet in the north, Dragon Gold Cup 1947 winner Eric Strain was less easily discouraged, and having had articles published in London sailing magazines, he managed to bring out two or three editions of a journal called The Irish Yachtsman.

But it too proved a disappointment, as also did his place of fourth for Britain in the Dragons in the 1948 Olympics. For although he had won the Gold Cup in style with the basic Johannsen-built Scandinavian Dragon Ceres, a boat which he dearly loved, for the Olympics, the British Olympic Committee insisted he race a high-quality British-built boat. So although the new Ceres II was a masterpiece of classic yacht construction, she was overweight and no match for most Dragons and particularly not Ceres I, yet it was Ceres II he was obliged to race to Olympic frustration.

In time, Eric Strain was to emigrate to Australia and find fulfilment with the Sydney Harbour Dragon class to such an extent that he was reserve helm to local star Gordon Ingate aboard Frank Packer’s America’s Cup challenging 12 Metre.

JIMMY MOONEY MAKES HIS MARK

Meanwhile, back in Ireland, the encouragement of separate national participation in the 1948 Olympics, thanks to the ad hoc formation of a body called the Irish Yachting Federation, led to a growing sense of national sailing identity, considerably helped by the fact that its most vocal proponent, Jimmy Mooney, had won the new and hugely prestigious Edinburgh Cup in the International Dragons in 1953 by sailing north from Dublin Bay in Ashaka, winning the cup in the racing at Cultra in Belfast Lough, and sailing home again to Dun Laoghaire with this very symbolic trophy under the foredeck, wrapped in a couple of Aran jerseys.

Jimmy Mooney at the helm of the Dragon Class Ashaka. His victory in the 1953 Edinburgh Cup did much to foster a sense of Irish sailing identity.Jimmy Mooney at the helm of the Dragon Class Ashaka. His victory in the 1953 Edinburgh Cup did much to foster a sense of Irish sailing identity

We could write thousands of words on Jimmy Mooney – he was a wonder but taken from among us at far too young an age. Thus while changes were taking place with the Irish Dinghy Racing Association evolving into the Irish Yachting Association, Jimmy Mooney was ploughing his own furrow with the determination that there should be a national sailing magazine, and in the summer of 1962, it appeared as Irish Yachting, with most of the heavy lifting done by Jimmy himself despite the assistance of a nationwide committee to which your columnist and Mike Balmforth contributed from the north.

First edition of 1962, thanks to Jimmy Mooney. On the cover is Paul Campbell’s RNSA 24 Minx of Malham, originally built for the legendary Captain John Illingworth.First edition of 1962, thanks to Jimmy Mooney. On the cover is Paul Campbell’s RNSA 24 Minx of Malham, originally built for the legendary Captain John Illingworth.

Thus in talking about the origins of Afloat.ie, we are talking about standing on the shoulders of the giant that was Jimmy Mooney at his most energetic in 1962 - 61 years ago. Sadly, his terminal illness was soon to sap his strength, and Irish Yachting became Irish Yachting & Motorboating under this writer’s full-time editorship in 1970, and in March 1972, we made it Ireland Afloat – not a particularly inspiring name, but it was the only neutral title I could come up with when constantly badgered by all sorts of boat interests which wished to feel included.

AFLOAT BECOMES CENTRAL TO SAILING IN IRELAND

Over time, the name acquired its own strength through the simple fact of continuing to exist, despite the exigencies of publishing through periods of often rapidly fluctuating national economic health. And in some of those upheavals, we acquired new publishers, some of whom proclaimed themselves as the founders of Afloat.

Erskine & Molly Childers’ Asgard featuring on the Afloat cover during her time as Ireland’s Sail Training vessel The discussion which resulted in the building of the brigantine Asgard II was soon to begin in the magazine.Erskine & Molly Childers’ Asgard featuring on the Afloat cover during her time as Ireland’s Sail Training vessel The discussion which resulted in the building of the brigantine Asgard II was soon to begin in the magazine.

It was something which was right up there with doubting the veracity of the 1969 Moon landing, but it didn’t bother me as I knew they’d move on in due course before long until, in the 1990s, David O’Brien took over the reins in a long-lasting and continuing setup. If anything, it’s strengthened by the fact that this publisher is so determined to keep himself out of the limelight – despite becoming a World Fireball Champion in 1995 and a 2000 Olympian – that from time to time, I have to assure fellow sailors that he really does exist.

IN FROM THE START WITH “CLUB OF THE YEAR” AND “SAILOR OF THE YEAR”

Meanwhile, with Afloat going on to become Afloat.ie in 1993, with print gradually receding in the face of the rapidly developing, always evolving and occasionally award-winning website, we were able to give extra coverage to associated awards with which we had been directly involved from the start, such as the “Club of the Year” contest which was inaugurated in 1979, and the “Sailor of the Month” and “Sailor of the Year” acclamations which burst on the scene in 1996.

Sailing is changing, and yet the very healthy basics of sailing - and sailing in Ireland in particular - remain the same. And Afloat.ie continues in strength, right at the heart of recording and encouraging our great and multi-faceted sport in Ireland and worldwide.

Published in W M Nixon
Tagged under

We wish our followers in Ireland and worldwide a very Happy Christmas, a prosperous New Year, and great sailing and boating in 2023.

Whether inshore or offshore, on sea, river, lake or canal, and whether local, regional, national or international, we look forward to covering your many enthusiastic specialities in 2023 and thank you for your high level of interest and warm support during 2022.

Nollaig shona daoibh go léir.

Published in News Update
Tagged under

Dear Reader,

It was another busy year at Afloat.ie in 2022, and we want to express our thanks for your continued support.

Because of your generous backing and our other supporters, Afloat.ie reached 1.9m unique readers last year.

Our website dedicated to Irish sailing, boating and maritime issues reached this high watermark by informing and entertaining our engaged boating audience, something we aim to repeat as we head into 2023.

All of this is a testament to our tight-knit and active community of readers and Afloat. ie's combination of opinion, hard news and features put it at the very heart of the national — and increasingly international — conversation on sailing, boating and maritime affairs.

It's proof that our mission — to provide Irish sailing and boating clubs, classes and the wider maritime community with a comprehensive, reliable and independent platform promoting our great sport to the broad and connected audience only the internet provides — is genuinely working.

As we've said before, this success would not be possible without our full–time marine journalists, web developers, and, indeed, our advertisers and supporters dedicated to promoting Irish sailing and boating. Progress, like we have achieved to date, would not have been achievable without it.

As previously acknowledged, it remains a challenging climate for online media, particularly when it comes to monetisation.

Thanks to your support, however, we have not resorted to putting our content behind a paywall like other news websites — because we want to keep our marine journalism open to the widest possible audience, which we believe is one of the keys to our growth. The figures bear this out.

All of us at Afloat wish you the best for 2023, and we hope you will continue your valued support in the new year to come.

Published in News Update
Tagged under

Dear Reader,

Because of your and our other supporters' generous backing, Afloat.ie has had another record year for visitors, with a significant 13% increase on 2020 figures.

Our website dedicated to Irish sailing, boating and maritime issues reached another high watermark, informing and entertaining a larger boating audience than ever before, and is now set to repeat that as we head into 2022.

The latest statistics show unique visitors to the site are over 1.9 million — an unprecedented number in what remains a challenging climate for online media.

Afloat remains by far the most popular boating website with Irish readers.

The 2021 statistics for Afloat readership show unique 'visitors' to the site (top) and (above) the number of 'actions' (or 'hits') of those visitors.The 2021 statistics for Afloat readership show unique 'visitors' to the site (top) and (above) the number of 'actions' (or 'hits') of those visitors.

Ironically, despite the challenges in 2020 and 2021 with event cancellations due to COVID, interest in our boating and marine stories increased, which is reflected in many sections of the site. Afloat's popular online format has a strong returning readership, with nearly half of daily visits being repeat readers, and with strong social media engagement across our Facebook, Twitter and Instagram channels.

Based on analytics, 75% of our traffic is from Ireland, with an excellent geographic spread across the Irish Sea and into the west coast of Britain.

Most encouragingly, nearly two-thirds (65+%) of Afloat.ie traffic now comes from mobile devices — an essential return on investment in the mobile site by our journalist and developer team.

What's more, our website bounce rate (the percentage of visitors to a particular website who navigate away from the site after viewing only one page) of 22% is well below the industry average of 40% to 60%, according to HubSpot.Together, those numbers make a strong argument for Afloat.ie growing as the go-to resource for an engaged audience with sailing, boating and marine interests.

Our high authority in the boating market is reflected, too, in Google and other search engines indexing of our stories, giving them valuable reach beyond our core readership.

All of this is a testament not only to our tight-knit and active community of readers, but also Afloat.ie's combination of opinion, hard news and features, which puts it at the very heart of the national — and increasingly international — conversation on sailing, boating and maritime affairs.

This year's growth is the sixth consecutive year of increase since the site broke the one million readers marked in 2015.

It's proof positive that our mission — to provide Irish sailing and boating clubs, classes and the wider maritime community with a comprehensive, reliable and independent platform promoting our great sport to the wide and connected audience only the internet provides — is genuinely working.

This success, as we've said before, would not be possible without our full–time marine journalists and web developers, and indeed our advertisers and supporters who are dedicated to promoting Irish sailing and boating. Progress, as we have achieved to date, would not have been achievable without it.

Thanks to your support, however, we have not resorted to putting our content behind a paywall like other news websites — because we want to keep our marine journalism open to the widest possible audience, which we believe is one of the keys to our growth. The figures bear this out.

Wishing you the best for 2022

Stay safe

The Afloat team

Published in News Update
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The Marine Institute has announced funding of €0.24 million for the first two Eoin Sweeney PhD Scholarships to run over the next four years.

This Scholarship Programme has been established by the Marine Institute and Plataforma Oceánica de Canarias (PLOCAN) in memory of Eoin Sweeney (1947-2017), who made a significant contribution to developing Irish marine industry, particularly the ocean energy sector, including the establishment of test-bed sites off the west coast of Ireland that provides sea-state testing opportunities for researchers and technology developers.

This Scholarship Programme provides a unique training opportunity for the students using the state-of-the-art scientific facilities at the Plataforma Oceánica de Canarias (PLOCAN) in Gran Canaria, Spain.

Dr José Joaquín Hernández-Brito, CEO said, “PLOCAN are delighted to collaborate with colleagues in Ireland on this Scholarship Programme. We are looking forward to hosting the students in due course, and wish to strengthen our existing research networks between Spain and Ireland together with exploring opportunities for future co-operation in ocean observation.”

The students will also benefit from access to the Marine Institute historical datasets, equipment and infrastructures including access to the national marine research vessels such as the new RV Tom Crean.

Congratulating the award recipients, Mick Gillooly, Director of Ocean Climate and Information Services in the Marine Institute said, “This is an exciting collaboration between the two Universities, PLOCAN and the Marine Institute that enables international collaboration and testing of novel technology, gliders and data buoys, to better understand our ocean ecosystems through long-term observations. Forecasting Ocean and Climate Change is a strategic focus area in the Marine Institute’s Strategic Plan and these scholarships will provide research data from a variety of locations and sea conditions, which will contribute to scientific advice to stakeholders backed up by high-quality peer-reviewed research.”

The awards funded are as follows:

PhD Project Title

Lead Organisation

Grant-Aid Funding Awarded  (for 4 years)             

Application of AUVs to studies on Diel cycles of ocean plankton and biogeochemistry in the Northeast Atlantic

NUI Galway

€120,000           

Wave-powered data buoy

Maynooth University

€120,000  


The students are expected to have commenced by July 2021, with their first visit to PLOCAN expected to take place in 2022 (dependent on government restrictions).

Funding for the Eoin Sweeney Scholarship Programme is provided by the Marine Institute and the Irish Government, funded under the Marine Research Programme. PLOCAN will provide support and host the scholars for two to three months per annum.

Published in Marine Science

Dear Reader,

At the end of another busy year at Afloat.ie in 2020, we want to express our thanks for your continued support.

Because of the generous backing from you and our other supporters, Afloat.ie is looking at another record year for visitors, with a significant 14% increase on 2019 figures.

Our website dedicated to Irish sailing, boating and maritime issues reached another high watermark, informing and entertaining a larger boating audience than ever before, and is now set to repeat that as we head into 2021.

The latest statistics show unique visitors to the site are over 1.6 million by year-end — a phenomenal number in what remains a challenging climate for online media.

2020 Stats for Afloat readershipsThe 2020 Statistics for Afloat readership showing unique 'visitors' to the site (top) and (above) the number of 'actions' or 'hits' of those visitors

Ironically, despite the challenges in 2020 with event cancellations due to COVID, interest in our boating and marine stories increased and this is reflected in many sections of the site. Afloat’s popular online format has a strong returning readership, with nearly half of daily visits being repeat readers, and with strong social media engagement.

Based on site analytics, 75% of our traffic is from Ireland, with a good geographic spread across the Irish Sea and into the west coast of Britain.

Most encouragingly, nearly two-thirds (65+%) of Afloat.ie traffic now comes from mobile devices — an important return on investment in the mobile site by our journalist and developer team.

What’s more, our website’s bounce rate (the percentage of visitors to a particular website who navigate away from the site after viewing only one page) of 22% is well below the industry average of 40% to 60%, according to HubSpot.Together, those numbers make a strong argument for Afloat.ie growing as a go-to resource for an engaged audience with sailing, boating and marine interests.

Our high authority in the boating market is reflected, too, in Google and other search engines’ quick indexing of our stories, giving them valuable reach beyond our core readership.

All of this is a testament not only to our tight-knit and active community of readers, but also Afloat.ie’s combination of opinion, hard news and features which puts it at the very heart of the national — and increasingly international — conversation on sailing, boating and maritime affairs.

The growth this year is the fifth consecutive year of increase since the site broke the one million readers mark in 2015.

Last year marked the first time reader numbers broke the 1.5m barrier, and now that figure is climbing even higher. It’s proof positive that our mission — to provide Irish sailing and boating clubs, classes and the wider maritime community with a comprehensive, reliable and independent platform promoting our great sport to the wide and connected audience only the internet provides — is truly working.

This success, as we’ve said before, would not be possible without our full–time marine journalists and web developers, and indeed our advertisers and supporters who are dedicated to promoting Irish sailing and boating. Progress, like we have achieved to date, would not have been achievable without it.

As previously acknowledged, it remains a challenging climate for online media, particularly when it comes to monetisation.

Thanks to your support, however, we have not resorted to putting our content behind a paywall like other news websites — because we want to keep our marine journalism open to the widest possible audience, which we believe is one of the keys to our growth. The figures bear this out.

All of us at Afloat wish you the best for Christmas and 2021, and hope you will continue your valued support in the new year to come.

Stay safe

The Afloat team

Published in News Update
Tagged under

There will be two Afloat newsletters over the Christmas period. One on Friday, December 27th and the other on Friday, January 3rd.

The e-news highlights the latest content from popular sections of our website. Read previous editions here.

The daily enews returns on January 7th. 

Keep an eye out for regular boating updates on Afloat.ie and our social media channels over the festive season.

Sign up for the enews in the right-hand column of Afloat's home page.

Happy Christmas to all our readers.

Published in News Update
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This 64-page full-colour A4 magazine includes a review of 2019 plus all the details for 2020 Afloat and all your latest sailing news in time for Christmas! BUY IT HERE!

Order your copy online now at €8 plus €2.50 shipping fee in Ireland and UK – click HERE to order.

We'll post all orders received daily up til December 23rd! for Christmas delivery!

Published in News Update
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In a survey of competitors at the 2019 Volvo Dun Laoghaire Regatta on Dublin Bay, 60% of respondents said the Irish boating portal 'Afloat.ie' was their 'go-to' website for Irish sailing & boating news.

Nearly 200 sailors were polled from the 500-boat international regatta fleet that attracts sailors from across Ireland and the UK.

In reply to the single question: 'What's your go-to resource for Irish sailing and boating news?', 117 or 60.31% responded 'Afloat'.

The popular UK magazine site 'Yachts and Yachting' accounted for 30 or 15.46%.

Club or association websites totalled 26 or 13.4%.

Last December, Afloat reported statistics showing unique visitors to the site were heading for 1.3 million per annum.

Afloat’s popular online format has a strong returning readership, with half of daily visits being repeat readers, and with strong social media engagement.

Based on-site analytics, 70% of Afloat web traffic is from Ireland, with a good geographic spread across the Irish Sea and into the west coast of Britain. It is a result that tallies with the weekend survey at Dun Laoghaire Regatta.

Read more on Afloat here.

Published in News Update
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Ireland's Offshore Renewable Energy

Because of Ireland's location at the Atlantic edge of the EU, it has more offshore energy potential than most other countries in Europe. The conditions are suitable for the development of the full range of current offshore renewable energy technologies.

Offshore Renewable Energy FAQs

Offshore renewable energy draws on the natural energy provided by wind, wave and tide to convert it into electricity for industry and domestic consumption.

Offshore wind is the most advanced technology, using fixed wind turbines in coastal areas, while floating wind is a developing technology more suited to deeper water. In 2018, offshore wind provided a tiny fraction of global electricity supply, but it is set to expand strongly in the coming decades into a USD 1 trillion business, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). It says that turbines are growing in size and in power capacity, which in turn is "delivering major performance and cost improvements for offshore wind farms".

The global offshore wind market grew nearly 30% per year between 2010 and 2018, according to the IEA, due to rapid technology improvements, It calculated that about 150 new offshore wind projects are in active development around the world. Europe in particular has fostered the technology's development, led by Britain, Germany and Denmark, but China added more capacity than any other country in 2018.

A report for the Irish Wind Energy Assocation (IWEA) by the Carbon Trust – a British government-backed limited company established to accelerate Britain's move to a low carbon economy - says there are currently 14 fixed-bottom wind energy projects, four floating wind projects and one project that has yet to choose a technology at some stage of development in Irish waters. Some of these projects are aiming to build before 2030 to contribute to the 5GW target set by the Irish government, and others are expected to build after 2030. These projects have to secure planning permission, obtain a grid connection and also be successful in a competitive auction in the Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (RESS).

The electricity generated by each turbine is collected by an offshore electricity substation located within the wind farm. Seabed cables connect the offshore substation to an onshore substation on the coast. These cables transport the electricity to land from where it will be used to power homes, farms and businesses around Ireland. The offshore developer works with EirGrid, which operates the national grid, to identify how best to do this and where exactly on the grid the project should connect.

The new Marine Planning and Development Management Bill will create a new streamlined system for planning permission for activity or infrastructure in Irish waters or on the seabed, including offshore wind farms. It is due to be published before the end of 2020 and enacted in 2021.

There are a number of companies aiming to develop offshore wind energy off the Irish coast and some of the larger ones would be ESB, SSE Renewables, Energia, Statkraft and RWE.

There are a number of companies aiming to develop offshore wind energy off the Irish coast and some of the larger ones would be ESB, SSE Renewables, Energia, Statkraft and RWE. Is there scope for community involvement in offshore wind? The IWEA says that from the early stages of a project, the wind farm developer "should be engaging with the local community to inform them about the project, answer their questions and listen to their concerns". It says this provides the community with "the opportunity to work with the developer to help shape the final layout and design of the project". Listening to fishing industry concerns, and how fishermen may be affected by survey works, construction and eventual operation of a project is "of particular concern to developers", the IWEA says. It says there will also be a community benefit fund put in place for each project. It says the final details of this will be addressed in the design of the RESS (see below) for offshore wind but it has the potential to be "tens of millions of euro over the 15 years of the RESS contract". The Government is also considering the possibility that communities will be enabled to invest in offshore wind farms though there is "no clarity yet on how this would work", the IWEA says.

Based on current plans, it would amount to around 12 GW of offshore wind energy. However, the IWEA points out that is unlikely that all of the projects planned will be completed. The industry says there is even more significant potential for floating offshore wind off Ireland's west coast and the Programme for Government contains a commitment to develop a long-term plan for at least 30 GW of floating offshore wind in our deeper waters.

There are many different models of turbines. The larger a turbine, the more efficient it is in producing electricity at a good price. In choosing a turbine model the developer will be conscious of this ,but also has to be aware the impact of the turbine on the environment, marine life, biodiversity and visual impact. As a broad rule an offshore wind turbine will have a tip-height of between 165m and 215m tall. However, turbine technology is evolving at a rapid rate with larger more efficient turbines anticipated on the market in the coming years.

 

The Renewable Electricity Support Scheme is designed to support the development of renewable energy projects in Ireland. Under the scheme wind farms and solar farms compete against each other in an auction with the projects which offer power at the lowest price awarded contracts. These contracts provide them with a guaranteed price for their power for 15 years. If they obtain a better price for their electricity on the wholesale market they must return the difference to the consumer.

Yes. The first auction for offshore renewable energy projects is expected to take place in late 2021.

Cost is one difference, and technology is another. Floating wind farm technology is relatively new, but allows use of deeper water. Ireland's 50-metre contour line is the limit for traditional bottom-fixed wind farms, and it is also very close to population centres, which makes visibility of large turbines an issue - hence the attraction of floating structures Do offshore wind farms pose a navigational hazard to shipping? Inshore fishermen do have valid concerns. One of the first steps in identifying a site as a potential location for an offshore wind farm is to identify and assess the level of existing marine activity in the area and this particularly includes shipping. The National Marine Planning Framework aims to create, for the first time, a plan to balance the various kinds of offshore activity with the protection of the Irish marine environment. This is expected to be published before the end of 2020, and will set out clearly where is suitable for offshore renewable energy development and where it is not - due, for example, to shipping movements and safe navigation.

YEnvironmental organisations are concerned about the impact of turbines on bird populations, particularly migrating birds. A Danish scientific study published in 2019 found evidence that larger birds were tending to avoid turbine blades, but said it didn't have sufficient evidence for smaller birds – and cautioned that the cumulative effect of farms could still have an impact on bird movements. A full environmental impact assessment has to be carried out before a developer can apply for planning permission to develop an offshore wind farm. This would include desk-based studies as well as extensive surveys of the population and movements of birds and marine mammals, as well as fish and seabed habitats. If a potential environmental impact is identified the developer must, as part of the planning application, show how the project will be designed in such a way as to avoid the impact or to mitigate against it.

A typical 500 MW offshore wind farm would require an operations and maintenance base which would be on the nearby coast. Such a project would generally create between 80-100 fulltime jobs, according to the IWEA. There would also be a substantial increase to in-direct employment and associated socio-economic benefit to the surrounding area where the operation and maintenance hub is located.

The recent Carbon Trust report for the IWEA, entitled Harnessing our potential, identified significant skills shortages for offshore wind in Ireland across the areas of engineering financial services and logistics. The IWEA says that as Ireland is a relatively new entrant to the offshore wind market, there are "opportunities to develop and implement strategies to address the skills shortages for delivering offshore wind and for Ireland to be a net exporter of human capital and skills to the highly competitive global offshore wind supply chain". Offshore wind requires a diverse workforce with jobs in both transferable (for example from the oil and gas sector) and specialist disciplines across apprenticeships and higher education. IWEA have a training network called the Green Tech Skillnet that facilitates training and networking opportunities in the renewable energy sector.

It is expected that developing the 3.5 GW of offshore wind energy identified in the Government's Climate Action Plan would create around 2,500 jobs in construction and development and around 700 permanent operations and maintenance jobs. The Programme for Government published in 2020 has an enhanced target of 5 GW of offshore wind which would create even more employment. The industry says that in the initial stages, the development of offshore wind energy would create employment in conducting environmental surveys, community engagement and development applications for planning. As a site moves to construction, people with backgrounds in various types of engineering, marine construction and marine transport would be recruited. Once the site is up and running , a project requires a team of turbine technicians, engineers and administrators to ensure the wind farm is fully and properly maintained, as well as crew for the crew transfer vessels transporting workers from shore to the turbines.

The IEA says that today's offshore wind market "doesn't even come close to tapping the full potential – with high-quality resources available in most major markets". It estimates that offshore wind has the potential to generate more than 420 000 Terawatt hours per year (TWh/yr) worldwide – as in more than 18 times the current global electricity demand. One Terawatt is 114 megawatts, and to put it in context, Scotland it has a population a little over 5 million and requires 25 TWh/yr of electrical energy.

Not as advanced as wind, with anchoring a big challenge – given that the most effective wave energy has to be in the most energetic locations, such as the Irish west coast. Britain, Ireland and Portugal are regarded as most advanced in developing wave energy technology. The prize is significant, the industry says, as there are forecasts that varying between 4000TWh/yr to 29500TWh/yr. Europe consumes around 3000TWh/year.

The industry has two main umbrella organisations – the Irish Wind Energy Association, which represents both onshore and offshore wind, and the Marine Renewables Industry Association, which focuses on all types of renewable in the marine environment.

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