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Displaying items by tag: Port and Shipping News

#myportforTurku - In addition to Cruise Europe 2016 conference held in Dublin this week, another prestigious annual event is to be held in the capital when the European Sea Port Organisation (ESPO) conference convenes, writes Jehan Ashmore.

The ESPO conference is to take place this week (2-3 June) as previously reported on Aloat.ie As part of the official sponsors, ESPO are to host the #myportinturku photo exhibition at their 13th annual conference to take place at The Printworks in Dublin Castle and hosted by Dublin Port Company.

ESPO will be inviting its members, policy makers and stakeholders to the conference that will look into ways to improve the efficiency of maritime transport and ports from different angles.

The European Commission had announced the 50 winners of the #myportforTurku photo competition following an invite to citizens across Europe to send up to three photos of their favourite ports from Europe with #myportforTurku.

The photo competition was part of the public programme of events held during the European Maritime Day’s (EMD) conference as previously reported on Afloat.ie. The  four-day conference took place more than a week ago in the Finnish city on the Baltic Sea.

All the photos were taken over a five day period in April and in which the Commission received 579 pictures, representing 166 ports, from 234 authors from 24 countries. The selected pictures totalling 50 went on display in Turku.

Each winner received a maritime prize (books, free tickets to aquariums and maritime museums, even fish!) from one of the 45 sponsors. Moreover, the attendees of the EMD each choose their favourite picture and the 10 best ones among the 50 exhibited were announced on 19th May.

The 50 selected pictures come from the following ports: Algeciras, Spain; Antwerp, Belgium; Barcelona, Spain; Bilbao, Spain; Callelongue, France; Copenhagen, Denmark; (see picture above: Cork, Ireland); Enschede, Netherlands; Hamburg, Germany; Huelva, Spain; Ibiza, Spain; Kolobrzeg, Poland; Koper, Slovenia; La Coruña, Spain; Le Havre, France; London, United Kingdom; Marsaxlokk, Malta; Newlyn, United Kingdom; Oskarshamn, Sweden; Ravenna, Italy; Rotterdam, Netherlands; Saint-Malo, France; Sète, France; Southampton, United Kingdom; Thorup Strand, Denmark; Trieste, Italy; Turku, Finland; Valencia, Spain; Venezia, Italy; Ventspils, Latvia; Vinjerac, Croatia; Whitby, United Kingdom; Zadar, Croatia.

“We are proud of being the first to host this exhibition. This photo exhibition shows how European citizens are interested in European ports, big and small, and how they see our ports. ESPO has always been putting societal integration high on its agenda. This Commission initiative is certainly a way of bringing citizens closer to the ports”, says ESPO Secretary General Isabelle Ryckbost.

To consult the selected pictures click here and for an interactive map of all the entries click this link.

Published in Ports & Shipping

#ShippingReview - Jehan Ashmore reviews the shipping scene over the last fortnight.

The big ship craze in the short sea shipping industry serving the UK and Ireland has arrived after investment was frozen for the last few years, delegates heard at the Multimodal event in Birmingham.

The annual European Maritime Day’s (EMD) to highlight the importance of the seas, oceans and the challenges facing maritime regions and sectors took place in Turku, Finland.

Sgt. Pepper was among several workboats that called to Dun Laoghaire Harbour to begin short to long term projects. Notably the project to dismantle and remove the former Stena HSS berth.

Port and shipping volumes in the Irish Republic rose 2% in Q1 2016 when compared to the same period of 2015. This is the highest i-Ship index for Q1 of a given year since records began in Q1 2008.

Arklow Cadet is first of a new design of 10 'C' class cargoships for Arklow Shipping nearing completion at Ferus Smit's Dutch yard. The order follows the 'B' class built for ASL by the same yard.

Published in Ports & Shipping

#NewCseries - The first in a new class of 10 cargoships for Arklow Shipping under construction near Groningen, Netherlands is to be launched next month and follows a series of a different design built by the same yard, writes Jehan Ashmore.

Launching of leadship newbuild no. 424 Arklow Cadet (also a new name for ASL), a ‘C’ class cargoship with a capacity of over 5,000dwt is to take place at Ferus Smit’s Dutch yard at Westerbroek.

The facility in north-east of the country is where newbuild no. 435 M.V. Ireland was christened (for non-Irish owners) in March as seen in footage previously featured on Afloat.ie. Note on the left of the screen is a green coloured hull mid-section of Arklow Cadet between the builder’s hall and that of M.V. Ireland before launching.

The newbuild represents the first under construction at the Dutch yard for ASL since Arklow Breeze became the final of six ‘B’ class 8,860dwt series. This newbuild no. 414 was launched in March 2015 and entered service the following month. Of the current fleet of 45 cargoships ranging from 4,200-35,000dwt, only 10 vessels date to 2004 or earlier.

Likewise of the Arklow Cadet the ‘B’ class have hulls form chosen to adapt the ‘bulbless’ principle thus creating a slender bow without bulb.

Arklow Cadet has one single hold volume of 220.000 cft. The C class have a 1A iceclass notation and they are propelled by a 1740 kW MaK engine with a single ducted propeller. Delivery of Arklow Cadet is scheduled for July of this year.

Another Dutch yard, Royal Bodewes in Hoogezand which is only several kms away from Ferus Smit continues to roll-out the ‘V’ class series of 10 Eco-Trader 5,100dwt newbuilds. The latest fourth newbuild's stern section was recently removed out of the builder's hall to the outfitting quay.

The V class are managed by Arklow Shipping Nederland B.V. based in Rotterdam and among the bulk dry cargoes they transport they include grain, animal feed and steel rails.

The last completed sister newbuild no. 723, Arklow Valiant launched at the end of March. This week the newbuild was towed down the canal to reach Delfzijl from where sisters have undergone sea-trails.

Published in Arklow Shipping

#ShippingQ12016 - Port and shipping activity in the Irish Republic rose 2% in the first quarter of 2016 when compared to the corresponding period of 2015.

The figures released are the latest quarterly iShip Index* published by the Irish Maritime Development Office (IMDO). This is the highest i-Ship the index has been in the first quarter of a given year since records began in Q1 2008.

Unitised traffic which consists of Roll-on/Roll-off (Ro/Ro) off and Lift-on/Lift-off (Lo/Lo) traffic continued to rise steadily and has now shown consistent growth for an extended period, with an average growth of 7% per quarter in unitised traffic since Q1 2014 as measured by the i-Ship index.

The majority of Ro/Ro traffic moves between Ireland and Great Britain and this freight segment is a simple but reliable indicator of the level of trade between both economies. Encouragingly, the Ro/Ro freight sector saw volume growth of 7% in the first quarter to 250,287 units. This is the fifteenth consecutive quarterly increase that Ro/Ro has experienced.

Lo/Lo imports have now risen for seven consecutive quarters, reaching 99,303 TEUs. Lo/Lo exports also grew strongly rising 5% to reach 70,551 TEUs. Overall, Lo/Lo container traffic increased by 8% to 169,854 TEUs.

When reviewing Unitised traffic it is worth noting that both Lo/Lo and Roll-on/Roll-off freight moves in an all-Island setting. Therefore when Northern Irish Ports are included, all-island Ro/Ro volume grew by 8% in Q1 2016. All Island traffic in the Lo/Lo sector grew 7% overall, with imports rising 6% and exports 9% for Q1 2016.

The overall bulk traffic segment saw tonnage volumes decrease by 2%, excluding transhipments, when compared to the previous year. This was mainly driven by a decrease in break bulk traffic of 12%; the first year on year decrease in break bulk since Q2 2013. There was a 1% fall in Dry Bulk traffic for Q1 2015, with trade in animal feed, fertiliser and coal affected the most. Liquid bulk (excluding transhipments) also fell marginally, to 2,757,733 tonnes in Q1 2016.

Note: *The iShip index is a volume index for all freight traffic moved to and from the Republic of Ireland. This does not include passengers, and transshipment activity.
Note: All freight and passenger comparisons are done on a quarterly basis (Q1 2015 v Q1 2016)

Published in Ports & Shipping

#EMD2016 – The annual European Maritime Day’s (starting today) is to highlight the importance of the seas and oceans and the challenges facing maritime regions and sectors.

This is the ninth edition of EMD and takes place in Turku, Finland with a conference today and tomorrow, 19 May. There will also be an attractive line up of activities for the general public between 20-22 May.

EMD 2016 is organised in cooperation with the City of Turku and the Finnish government. It will take place in an old locomotive hall called Logomo in Turku.

We are looking forward to an exciting and interactive event focusing on the theme of "Investing in competitive blue growth - smart and sustainable solutions".

More specifically it will focus on identifying and highlighting the practical steps needed to drive blue growth investments, as well as innovation and change in the blue economy.

The EMD conference and exhibition offers a dynamic networking environment for the more than 800 participants registered as well as structured opportunities for mutual exchange and debate through 20 stakeholder workshops, five thematic sessions and two 'Leadership Exchange' panels.

The event will also include matchmaking meetings, a networking village with more than 30 exhibitors, a photo competition, site visits, a classical concert, an art project on marine litter and much more.

Afloat adds that last year’s newbuild cruiseship Mein Schiff 4 (pictured above) made a first visit to Dun Laoghaire Harbour last season. The 2,506 passenger capacity was built at the Turku shipyard for German premium-class operator, TUI Cruises. Next week, fleetmate, Mein Schiff I is to call to the Irish port to launch the season on 26 May. 

The almost 100,000 tonnes Mein Schiff 4 had anchored off the East Pier Dun Laoghaire Harbour (see photo), became the last order for STX Finland before the Baltic yard was taken last year by Meyer Turku. 

Leadship, Mein Schiff 3 was built in 2013 at the same yard. Meyer Turku will complete TUI Cruises order for further sisters.

Published in Ports & Shipping

#BigShipCraze - The big ship craze appears to have spread to the short sea shipping industry serving the UK, after investment in the sector was frozen for the last few years.

However, speakers at this week's Multimodal 2016 event in Birmingham questioned whether there would be enough capacity on the medium term to serve the country’s freight needs.

Richard Horswill, Director of Freight for the UK and Ireland ferry operator Stena Line told delegates: “In the ferry industry we are still recovering from the financial crisis and recession, when volumes fell, which has meant that in the last few years, capacity and demand have become more balanced, but post-recession there has been a lack of investment in ships.”

However, he added that in the last few months, both Stena Line and Belgian ro-ro operator CldN have placed orders for new tonnage.

Stena Line has ordered four Ro-Pax ferries with 3,000 lane metres capacity each with a shipyard in China that are due for delivery in 2019 and 2020, while CldN, which operates the Cobelfret brand, has ordered two enormous ro-ro vessels with 8,000 lane metres-capacity, with an option for a further four.

“More capacity is coming in later, but the question is whether there will be enough capacity to meet market demand in the medium term,” Mr Horswill added.

He also said that whereas today’s ferries are bespoke built for particular routes, the newbuilds the Swedish company has ordered will be far more flexible in terms of trading areas.

“We will be building more ramps at the ports we use, so we can be more flexible about the ships and the way the fleet is deployed,” Mr Horswill said.

However, that trend has yet to be replicated in the lo-lo sector, said Mark Copsey, Chief Commercial Officer at MacAndrews, the UK short sea shipping specialist owned by the CMA CGM Group.

“In the lo-lo sector nobody is investing in new tonnage of the right size, so we are running with older tonnage in the short sea and feeder trades in Northern Europe.

“For the type of service we run, the 800-900 TEU size is the best dimension, but these vessels are also in demand in other markets and are being drained from this region,” he said.

However, fears of potential under capacity in the sectors might not be realised should legislative changes lead to a modal shift away from the sea to road transport.

Richard Newton, Commercial Director of Logistics at the Port of Tyne, said:

“We are very worried that with the forthcoming amendment to the SOLAS regulations with shippers forced to declare the verified gross mass (VGM) of containers, shippers won’t have their VGMs in time to load their boxes on ships, and this could lead them to look for other transport modes, such as road or trains, where they don’t have to declare this information.

“It’s clear that we might lose volumes to road due to this,” he said, adding that carriers themselves need to adopt a common VGM policy.

“Some shipping lines are saying they will have nothing to do with weighing, while others want the ports to do it – from a shipper’s point of view, there needs to be a consistent approach.”

Published in Ports & Shipping

#ShippingReviewJehan Ashmore reviews the shipping scene from among the stories of the last fortnight.

A pair of tugs were overhauled at Mooney Boats, in Killybegs, Co. Donegal, from where supertrawlers based in the premier fishing port will no longer be able to use the larger facility of Dublin Graving Docks that closed in late April.

Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport (DTTAS) has become aware of possible fraudulent Irish seafarer certificates, and fraudulent website, which purports to verify such fraudulently issued seafarer certification.

Croke Park will host the third Atlantic Stakeholder Platform Conference on promoting entrepreneurship and innovation in the Atlantic Area on 27 September.

Owner and developer of Liverpool2 container terminal, Peel Ports Group awarded Logistics Business of the Year at this year's 'Multimodal' in Birmingham. The group operates MTL Terminal in Dublin Port, where Maersk Line has launched recently a new service linking both Irish Sea ports and to Spain.

Irish Continental Group (ICG) has issued Q1 financial results for 2016. Consolidated Group revenue in the period was €91.4m, an increase of 7.4% compared with last year. Net debt at the end of April was €25.9m compared with €44.3m at 31 December 2015.

Published in Ports & Shipping

#Q1figures2016 - Irish Continental Group (ICG) parent company of Irish Ferries, today has issued their Interim Management Statement which covers carryings and financial information for the first quarter of 2016, i.e. 1 January to 30 April with comparisons against the corresponding period in 2015. All figures are unaudited.

Consolidated Group revenue in the period was €91.4 million, an increase of 7.4% compared with last year. Net debt at the end of April was €25.9 million compared with €44.3 million at 31 December 2015.

There has been a good start to the year with trading conditions remaining favourable.

Ferries Division

Total revenues recorded in the period amounted to €51.6 million (including intra-division charter income), a 7.1% increase on the prior year.

In this seasonally less significant period for tourism, Irish Ferries carried 90,200 cars, an increase of 5% on the previous year, while freight carryings were 92,300 RoRo units, an increase of 8% compared with 2015.

The ropax ferry MV Kaitaki remained on charter, operating in New Zealand, while the four container ships acquired in late 2015 were fully deployed in the period.

Delivery of the recently acquired vessel "Westpac Express" is expected by late May. It is bareboat chartered to a third party for a firm period of four months with four further one year option periods and a final seven month option at the Charterer's option.

Container and Terminal Division

Total revenues recorded in the period amounted to €42.3 million, a 13.4% increase on the prior year.

Container freight volumes shipped were up 10% on the previous year at 103,400 teu (twenty foot equivalent units), while units handled at our terminals in Dublin and Belfast increased 54% year on year to 96,500 lifts.

Dublin Ferryport Terminals (DFT) throughput increased by 8% on the prior year.

Throughput at Belfast Container Terminals (BCT) increased by 257% reflecting the additional volumes following the award of the concession to operate the larger container terminal at Victoria Terminal 3 (VT3) which commenced in June of the prior year.

Published in Ports & Shipping

#MultimodalAward - UK based Peel Ports Group, owner and developer of the Liverpool2 container terminal, was recognised as logistics business of the year at the annual Multimodal event held in Birmingham. 

The company that also operates the MTL Terminal in Dublin Port (see large containership caller), topped the Exhibitor of the Year category, which recognises business excellence, ahead of other highly commended transport and logistics entries from across the UK.

Now in its ninth year, Multimodal is the UK and Ireland’s premier freight transport, logistics and supply chain management event and is held in partnership with the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport and the FTA (Freight Transport Association).

The group, which also owns and operates Manchester’s Port Salford warehouse and distribution centre, was recognised by Multimodal judges for its progressive and innovative approach, as well as for its ambitious development plans across the North-west.

One of the UK’s largest port groups, Peel Ports is currently constructing its £300m landmark terminal expansion project, Liverpool2. (see delivery of giant container gantry cranes). The first phase of the new terminal will be fully operational in the autumn.

Once complete, Liverpool2 will create a state-of-the-art freight gateway as the UK’s most centrally-located, deep-water container terminal and will offer import and export companies located in the North-west of the UK ‘ship-to-door’ solutions via sustainable transport routes such as the Manchester Ship Canal.

David Huck, Port Director at Peel Ports, said: “To be recognised as the Exhibitor of the Year at this year’s Multimodal caps off what has been great 12 month period for the company. With the imminent opening of Liverpool2 and Port Salford we are very much looking forward to the year ahead.

"These annual awards allow the industry to gather and discuss what’s happening in logistics and what the next stages of multimodality are in the pipeline across the UK. It is a great honour to be recognised by our peers as delivering an exceptional business model driving interconnectivity across the country.”

Abbie McGuffie, Multiuser Warehouse Contracts Executive, at Peel Ports was also highly commended in the Young Logistics Professional of the Year category which recognises people under 32 in the industry with a proven track record.

Liverpool2’s waterway connections to Port Salford, as a port centric logistics hub, will also position Liverpool2 as the UK's first "green logistics hub" with the potential to further reduce transportation costs, congestion and carbon footprint for businesses importing and exporting to and from the North West of England.

 

Published in Ports & Shipping

#GiantCranes – Giant Chinese constructed cantilever rail-mounted gantry (CRMG) cranes arrived by heavylift vessel to Peel Ports Liverpool2 new £300m deep-water container terminal over the May Bank Holiday, writes Jehan Ashmore.

The CRMG cranes, the first of six are to be installed at Liverpool2, the Merseyside quayriver facility (not Liverpool Docks) to berth considerably larger and deep draft containerships. Docking at the port development was heavylift vessel, Zhenhua 25 that set off with the cranes from Nantong,China on the 11,930nm/20,000km voyage to Liverpool.

The 40 day passage of Zhenhua 25, took a route via south-east Asia, India, the Arabian Peninsula and through the Suez Canal before finally completing the voyage to Liverpool last Sunday.

On the opposite side of the Irish Sea, the Peel Port Group are the operators of the Dublin Port container terminal, Marine Terminal Ltd. At  the MTL terminal near Ringsend, one of the largest vessels ships to use the facility, Nicholas Delmas (capacity: 2,207 TEU's) departed yesterday.

The Chinese built Nicholas Delmas had arrived from Liverpool from where the new quayside CRMG cranes to be installed having been also constructed by a Chinese manufacturer, ZPMC. According to the Peel Ports Liverpool, ZPMC also supplied the five ship-to-shore cranes already on site at the entrance to the port.

This first batch of CRMG's are the first of 12 required for phase 1 of the terminal. Ultimately the site will have eight STS and 22 CRMG cranes as part of a £100m investment.

The cranes will be capable of performing an average of 20 moves per hour, with semi-automated control linked to the port’s new Navis N4 terminal operating system. They have a 40 tonne under-spreader capacity and a maximum container lift height above quay level of 21m under spreader (6+1 containers).

Liverpool2 is to have a phased opening, with marine trials due to begin shortly and other elements of the semi-automated terminal coming online throughout Q2 of 2016. The first phase of the new terminal will be fully operational in the autumn.

Published in Ports & Shipping
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Irish Fishing industry 

The Irish Commercial Fishing Industry employs around 11,000 people in fishing, processing and ancillary services such as sales and marketing. The industry is worth about €1.22 billion annually to the Irish economy. Irish fisheries products are exported all over the world as far as Africa, Japan and China.

FAQs

Over 16,000 people are employed directly or indirectly around the coast, working on over 2,000 registered fishing vessels, in over 160 seafood processing businesses and in 278 aquaculture production units, according to the State's sea fisheries development body Bord Iascaigh Mhara (BIM).

All activities that are concerned with growing, catching, processing or transporting fish are part of the commercial fishing industry, the development of which is overseen by BIM. Recreational fishing, as in angling at sea or inland, is the responsibility of Inland Fisheries Ireland.

The Irish fishing industry is valued at 1.22 billion euro in gross domestic product (GDP), according to 2019 figures issued by BIM. Only 179 of Ireland's 2,000 vessels are over 18 metres in length. Where does Irish commercially caught fish come from? Irish fish and shellfish is caught or cultivated within the 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ), but Irish fishing grounds are part of the common EU "blue" pond. Commercial fishing is regulated under the terms of the EU Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), initiated in 1983 and with ten-yearly reviews.

The total value of seafood landed into Irish ports was 424 million euro in 2019, according to BIM. High value landings identified in 2019 were haddock, hake, monkfish and megrim. Irish vessels also land into foreign ports, while non-Irish vessels land into Irish ports, principally Castletownbere, Co Cork, and Killybegs, Co Donegal.

There are a number of different methods for catching fish, with technological advances meaning skippers have detailed real time information at their disposal. Fisheries are classified as inshore, midwater, pelagic or deep water. Inshore targets species close to shore and in depths of up to 200 metres, and may include trawling and gillnetting and long-lining. Trawling is regarded as "active", while "passive" or less environmentally harmful fishing methods include use of gill nets, long lines, traps and pots. Pelagic fisheries focus on species which swim close to the surface and up to depths of 200 metres, including migratory mackerel, and tuna, and methods for catching include pair trawling, purse seining, trolling and longlining. Midwater fisheries target species at depths of around 200 metres, using trawling, longlining and jigging. Deepwater fisheries mainly use trawling for species which are found at depths of over 600 metres.

There are several segments for different catching methods in the registered Irish fleet – the largest segment being polyvalent or multi-purpose vessels using several types of gear which may be active and passive. The polyvalent segment ranges from small inshore vessels engaged in netting and potting to medium and larger vessels targeting whitefish, pelagic (herring, mackerel, horse mackerel and blue whiting) species and bivalve molluscs. The refrigerated seawater (RSW) pelagic segment is engaged mainly in fishing for herring, mackerel, horse mackerel and blue whiting only. The beam trawling segment focuses on flatfish such as sole and plaice. The aquaculture segment is exclusively for managing, developing and servicing fish farming areas and can collect spat from wild mussel stocks.

The top 20 species landed by value in 2019 were mackerel (78 million euro); Dublin Bay prawn (59 million euro); horse mackerel (17 million euro); monkfish (17 million euro); brown crab (16 million euro); hake (11 million euro); blue whiting (10 million euro); megrim (10 million euro); haddock (9 million euro); tuna (7 million euro); scallop (6 million euro); whelk (5 million euro); whiting (4 million euro); sprat (3 million euro); herring (3 million euro); lobster (2 million euro); turbot (2 million euro); cod (2 million euro); boarfish (2 million euro).

Ireland has approximately 220 million acres of marine territory, rich in marine biodiversity. A marine biodiversity scheme under Ireland's operational programme, which is co-funded by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund and the Government, aims to reduce the impact of fisheries and aquaculture on the marine environment, including avoidance and reduction of unwanted catch.

EU fisheries ministers hold an annual pre-Christmas council in Brussels to decide on total allowable catches and quotas for the following year. This is based on advice from scientific bodies such as the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. In Ireland's case, the State's Marine Institute publishes an annual "stock book" which provides the most up to date stock status and scientific advice on over 60 fish stocks exploited by the Irish fleet. Total allowable catches are supplemented by various technical measures to control effort, such as the size of net mesh for various species.

The west Cork harbour of Castletownbere is Ireland's biggest whitefish port. Killybegs, Co Donegal is the most important port for pelagic (herring, mackerel, blue whiting) landings. Fish are also landed into Dingle, Co Kerry, Rossaveal, Co Galway, Howth, Co Dublin and Dunmore East, Co Waterford, Union Hall, Co Cork, Greencastle, Co Donegal, and Clogherhead, Co Louth. The busiest Northern Irish ports are Portavogie, Ardglass and Kilkeel, Co Down.

Yes, EU quotas are allocated to other fleets within the Irish EEZ, and Ireland has long been a transhipment point for fish caught by the Spanish whitefish fleet in particular. Dingle, Co Kerry has seen an increase in foreign landings, as has Castletownbere. The west Cork port recorded foreign landings of 36 million euro or 48 per cent in 2019, and has long been nicknamed the "peseta" port, due to the presence of Spanish-owned transhipment plant, Eiranova, on Dinish island.

Most fish and shellfish caught or cultivated in Irish waters is for the export market, and this was hit hard from the early stages of this year's Covid-19 pandemic. The EU, Asia and Britain are the main export markets, while the middle Eastern market is also developing and the African market has seen a fall in value and volume, according to figures for 2019 issued by BIM.

Fish was once a penitential food, eaten for religious reasons every Friday. BIM has worked hard over several decades to develop its appeal. Ireland is not like Spain – our land is too good to transform us into a nation of fish eaters, but the obvious health benefits are seeing a growth in demand. Seafood retail sales rose by one per cent in 2019 to 300 million euro. Salmon and cod remain the most popular species, while BIM reports an increase in sales of haddock, trout and the pangasius or freshwater catfish which is cultivated primarily in Vietnam and Cambodia and imported by supermarkets here.

The EU's Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), initiated in 1983, pooled marine resources – with Ireland having some of the richest grounds and one of the largest sea areas at the time, but only receiving four per cent of allocated catch by a quota system. A system known as the "Hague Preferences" did recognise the need to safeguard the particular needs of regions where local populations are especially dependent on fisheries and related activities. The State's Sea Fisheries Protection Authority, based in Clonakilty, Co Cork, works with the Naval Service on administering the EU CFP. The Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine and Department of Transport regulate licensing and training requirements, while the Marine Survey Office is responsible for the implementation of all national and international legislation in relation to safety of shipping and the prevention of pollution.

Yes, a range of certificates of competency are required for skippers and crew. Training is the remit of BIM, which runs two national fisheries colleges at Greencastle, Co Donegal and Castletownbere, Co Cork. There have been calls for the colleges to be incorporated into the third-level structure of education, with qualifications recognised as such.

Safety is always an issue, in spite of technological improvements, as fishing is a hazardous occupation and climate change is having its impact on the severity of storms at sea. Fishing skippers and crews are required to hold a number of certificates of competency, including safety and navigation, and wearing of personal flotation devices is a legal requirement. Accidents come under the remit of the Marine Casualty Investigation Board, and the Health and Safety Authority. The MCIB does not find fault or blame, but will make recommendations to the Minister for Transport to avoid a recurrence of incidents.

Fish are part of a marine ecosystem and an integral part of the marine food web. Changing climate is having a negative impact on the health of the oceans, and there have been more frequent reports of warmer water species being caught further and further north in Irish waters.

Brexit, Covid 19, EU policies and safety – Britain is a key market for Irish seafood, and 38 per cent of the Irish catch is taken from the waters around its coast. Ireland's top two species – mackerel and prawns - are 60 per cent and 40 per cent, respectively, dependent on British waters. Also, there are serious fears within the Irish industry about the impact of EU vessels, should they be expelled from British waters, opting to focus even more efforts on Ireland's rich marine resource. Covid-19 has forced closure of international seafood markets, with high value fish sold to restaurants taking a large hit. A temporary tie-up support scheme for whitefish vessels introduced for the summer of 2020 was condemned by industry organisations as "designed to fail".

Sources: Bord Iascaigh Mhara, Marine Institute, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Department of Transport © Afloat 2020