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ROWING: Two Grainne Mhaol/NUIG eights which were a mix of seniors and intermediates filled the the top spots at the Galway Head of the River on Saturday. Just over a second separated the crews, with the Cork Boat Club senior eight over 15 seconds further back.

12 Galway Head of the River - Race 1 - Fours and 2x - Overall Results
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Pos Drw Club                 Crw  Sectn                 Name            Time
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1   2 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Snr 4       [--------------]  00:14:23.6
  2   1 Cork BC               --  Mens Snr 4       [--------------]  00:14:40.9
  3   4 NUIG BC               --  Mens Inter 4     [--------------]  00:14:49.5
  4  16 Presentation RC       --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:15:14.4
  5  34 Galway RC             --  Mens Master 4    [--------------]  00:15:16.6
  6  18 St Josephs RC         --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:15:20.8
  7  17 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:15:23.0
  8  54 Galway RC             --  Womens junior 8  [--------------]  00:15:43.1
  9  90 NUIG BC               --  TimingOnly       [-M Inter   4x ]  00:15:43.7
 10  22 Galway RC             --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:15:44.1
 11  19 Galway RC             --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:15:44.6
 12   3 Carlow RC             --  Mens Snr 2x      [--------------]  00:15:45.7
 13  23 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:15:45.8
 14  20 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:15:50.5
 15   5 UCDBC                 --  Mens Inter 4     [--------------]  00:15:51.2
 16  37 NUIG BC               --  Womens Snr 8     [--------------]  00:15:53.8
 17   6 Muckross RC           --  Mens Inter 4     [--------------]  00:15:56.4
 18  13 Garda BC              --  Mens Inter 2x    [--------------]  00:16:01.9
 19  51 St Josephs RC         --  Mens J16 4       [--------------]  00:16:04.7
 20  10 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Inter 2x    [--------------]  00:16:05.2
 21  38 St Michaels RC        --  Womens Snr 4x    [--------------]  00:16:08.4
 22   8 UCDBC                 --  Mens Inter 4     [--------------]  00:16:10.2
 23  21 Carlow RC             --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:16:14.4
 24   7 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Mens Inter 4     [--------------]  00:16:16.1
 25   9 Muckross RC           --  Mens Inter 4     [--------------]  00:16:18.9
 26  50 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens J16 2x      [--------------]  00:16:21.5
 27  57 Muckross RC           --  Womens junior 8  [--------------]  00:16:26.3
 28  43 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Mens J16 4       [--------------]  00:16:28.2
 29  15 Cork BC               --  Mens Inter 2x    [--------------]  00:16:32.7
 30  56 St Michaels RC        --  Womens junior 8  [--------------]  00:16:32.8
 31  36 City of Derry BC      --  Mens Master 4    [--------------]  00:16:36.6
 32  66 Uni Limerick RC       --  Womens Nov 8     [--------------]  00:16:46.5
 33  29 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Jr 2x       [--------------]  00:16:46.7
 34  24 Presentation RC       --  Mens Jr 2x       [--------------]  00:16:49.6
 35  67 NUIG BC               --  Womens Nov 8     [--------------]  00:17:04.7
 36  11 Athlone BC            --  Mens Inter 2x    [--------------]  00:17:05.7
 37  80 Carlow RC             --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:17:08.1
 38  59 CarrickOnShannon RC   --  Womens Jun 4x    [--------------]  00:17:08.7
 39  86 St Josephs RC         --  TimingOnly       [Mens Jnr 16 4x]  00:17:12.1
 40  41 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens J16 4       [--------------]  00:17:14.3
 41  27 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens Jr 2x       [--------------]  00:17:19.6
 42  52 Cork BC               --  Mens Nov 4       [--------------]  00:17:20.2
 43  73 Carlow RC             --  Womens Mast 4x   [--------------]  00:17:20.5
 44  68 NUIG BC               --  Womens Nov 8     [--------------]  00:17:25.0
 45  30 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens Jr 2x       [--------------]  00:17:27.8
 46  48 Athlone BC            --  Mens J16 2x      [--------------]  00:17:28.3
 47  77 Killorglin RC         --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:17:31.8
 48  45 Athlunkard BC         --  Mens J16 2x      [--------------]  00:17:34.6
 49  33 Tralee RC             --  Mens Jr 2x       [--------------]  00:17:41.3
 50  78 Cork BC               --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:17:41.5
 51  28 St Josephs RC         --  Mens Jr 2x       [--------------]  00:17:46.8
 52  14 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Inter 2x    [--------------]  00:17:49.7
 53  79 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:17:56.7
 54  39 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens J16 4       [--------------]  00:18:00.2
 55  49 St Michaels RC        --  Mens J16 2x      [--------------]  00:18:01.3
 56  69 Athlunkard BC         --  Womens Nov 8     [--------------]  00:18:01.4
 57  72 Galway RC             --  Mens Master 2x   [--------------]  00:18:08.3
 58  55 Athlone BC            --  Womens junior 8  [--------------]  00:18:08.9
 59  46 Killorglin RC         --  Mens J16 2x      [--------------]  00:18:14.9
 60  61 CarrickOnShannon RC   --  Womens Jun 4x    [--------------]  00:18:16.6
 61  84 St Michaels RC        --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:18:19.6
 62  47 Tralee RC             --  Mens J16 2x      [--------------]  00:18:35.3
 63  85 Athlunkard BC         --  Mens Nov 2x      [--------------]  00:18:36.5
 64  76 Col Iognaid RC        --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:18:39.7
 65  81 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:18:41.1
 66  75 Galway RC             --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:18:45.1
 67  44 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Mens J16 2x      [--------------]  00:19:06.1
 68  74 Offaly RC             --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:19:17.2
 69  88 NUIG BC               --  TimingOnly       [Men Nov 4x    ]  00:19:29.9
 70  70 Three Castles         --  Mens Master 2x   [--------------]  00:19:48.6
 71  82 Tralee RC             --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:20:00.9
 72  65 Shandon BC            --  Womens Nov 4x    [--------------]  00:20:06.9
 73  63 Athlone BC            --  Womens J16 8     [--------------]  00:20:29.1
 74  25 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Mens Jr 2x       [--------------]  00:21:05.4
 75  83 Cholaiste na Coiribe  --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:23:30.1
 76  71 Three Castles         --  Mens Master 2x   [--------------]  00:23:37.5
2012 Galway Head of the River - Race 2 - Sculls and Pairs - Overall Results
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pos Drw Club                Crw  Sectn                 Name            Time
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1   2 St Michaels RC       --  Mens Snr 2       [--------------]  00:16:26.3
  2   1 St Michaels RC       --  Mens Snr 2       [--------------]  00:16:27.2
  3   3 Cork BC              --  Mens Snr 2       [--------------]  00:16:47.8
  4  13 Galway RC            --  Mens Jr 2        [--------------]  00:17:04.2
  5  30 Neptune RC           --  Mens Inter 1x    [bailey        ]  00:17:11.7
  6  31 St Michaels RC       --  Mens Inter 1x    [Stundon       ]  00:17:14.4
  7  10 Cork BC              --  Mens Jr 2        [--------------]  00:17:31.7
  8   6 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Mens Inter 2     [--------------]  00:17:33.4
  9   4 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Mens Snr 2       [--------------]  00:17:34.0
 10  20 Lagan Scullers       --  Mens Snr 1x      [darby         ]  00:17:36.5
 11  24 Uni Limerick RC      --  Mens Inter 1x    [rice          ]  00:17:36.6
 12  50 Athlone BC           --  Mens Jr 1x       [molloy        ]  00:17:40.1
 13   7 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Mens Inter 2     [--------------]  00:17:44.1
 14  19 Carlow RC            --  Mens Snr 1x      [Coughlan      ]  00:17:44.7
 15  21 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Mens Snr 1x      [Gleeson       ]  00:17:52.4
 16  39 Col Iognaid RC       --  Mens Jr 1x       [bell          ]  00:17:52.8
 17  25 Uni Limerick RC      --  Mens Inter 1x    [sheehan       ]  00:17:52.8
 18  29 Carlow RC            --  Mens Inter 1x    [murphy        ]  00:17:53.3
 19  23 CarrickOnShannon RC  --  Mens Inter 1x    [Little        ]  00:17:54.6
 20  22 Carlow RC            --  Mens Snr 1x      [Ryan          ]  00:18:07.4
 21  32 Garda BC             --  Mens Inter 1x    [Kelly         ]  00:18:08.2
 22  51 Killorglin RC        --  Womens Snr 1x    [dukarska      ]  00:18:10.0
 23  61 Offaly RC            --  Mens Nov 1x      [gannon        ]  00:18:17.6
 24  54 Three Castles        --  Womens Snr 1x    [Moran         ]  00:18:18.5
 25  33 Neptune RC           --  Mens Inter 1x    [harwood       ]  00:18:28.1
 26  34 St Michaels RC       --  Mens Inter 1x    [Cullinane     ]  00:18:30.2
 27  47 St Michaels RC       --  Mens Jr 1x       [Hanily        ]  00:18:33.5
 28  35 Sligo RC             --  Mens Inter 1x    [McGarry       ]  00:18:33.7
 29  28 Shandon BC           --  Mens Inter 1x    [OFlynn        ]  00:18:34.2
 30  36 Garda BC             --  Mens Inter 1x    [MacEoin       ]  00:18:37.3
 31  71 St Michaels RC       --  Womens Jun 1x    [OBrien        ]  00:18:46.0
 32  14 NUIG BC              --  Womens Snr 2     [--------------]  00:18:51.3
 33  56 Uni Limerick RC      --  Womens Snr 1x    [osullivan     ]  00:18:58.9
 34  52 St Michaels RC       --  Womens Snr 1x    [Jennings      ]  00:19:00.1
 35  53 Three Castles        --  Womens Snr 1x    [quinn         ]  00:19:05.8
 36  26 Garda BC             --  Mens Inter 1x    [Murphy        ]  00:19:13.8
 37  67 City of Derry BC     --  Mens Master 1x   [Durso         ]  00:19:14.8
 38  16 Shannon RC           --  Womens Jr 2      [--------------]  00:19:14.9
 39  46 Tralee RC            --  Mens Jr 1x       [stuart        ]  00:19:16.3
 40  76 Cork BC              --  Womens Jun 1x    [Higgins       ]  00:19:23.1
 41  77 Muckross RC          --  Womens Jun 1x    [crowly        ]  00:19:27.6
 42  58 St Michaels RC       --  Womens Inter 1x  [McEvoy        ]  00:19:29.6
 43  43 Col Iognaid RC       --  Mens Jr 1x       [higgins       ]  00:19:36.8
 44  48 Offaly RC            --  Mens Jr 1x       [walshe        ]  00:19:42.3
 45  17 Sligo RC             --  Womens Jr 2      [--------------]  00:19:43.8
 46  87 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Womens Nov 1x    [Foley         ]  00:19:43.9
 47  60 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Mens Nov 1x      [Connolly      ]  00:19:48.5
 48  72 Neptune RC           --  Womens Jun 1x    [obrien        ]  00:19:51.1
 49  84 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Mens Jr 16 1x    [Dunne         ]  00:19:54.5
 50  78 Cork BC              --  Womens Jun 1x    [Hamel         ]  00:19:57.1
 51  49 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Mens Jr 1x       [EstelleRoe    ]  00:19:58.3
 52  65 CarrickOnShannon RC  --  Mens Nov 1x      [carthy        ]  00:19:58.7
 53  80 Neptune RC           --  Womens Jun 1x    [cassidy       ]  00:19:59.7
 54  27 Athlone BC           --  Mens Inter 1x    [egan          ]  00:20:13.3
 55  68 Lagan Scullers       --  Mens Master 1x   [mcallister    ]  00:20:14.9
 56  69 Tralee RC            --  Mens Master 1x   [slattery      ]  00:20:16.2
 57  37 St Michaels RC       --  Mens Inter 1x    [Taylor        ]  00:20:19.0
 58  85 Killorglin RC        --  Mens Jr 16 1x    [dee           ]  00:20:19.1
 59  88 St Michaels RC       --  Womens Nov 1x    [Gill          ]  00:20:21.4
 60  83 Athlone BC           --  Mens Jr 16 1x    [hannon        ]  00:20:22.2
 61  74 Cork BC              --  Womens Jun 1x    [Devine        ]  00:20:27.8
 62  73 Athlunkard BC        --  Womens Jun 1x    [green         ]  00:20:31.8
 63  45 St Josephs RC        --  Mens Jr 1x       [lydon         ]  00:20:46.5
 64  89 Garda BC             --  Womens Nov 1x    [OBrien        ]  00:21:01.5
 65  82 Tralee RC            --  Womens Jun 1x    [deady         ]  00:21:25.5
 66  92 Tralee RC            --  Womens j16 1x    [Ryall         ]  00:21:44.9
 67  15 NUIG BC              --  Womens Inter 2   [--------------]  00:21:45.2
 68  93 Col Iognaid RC       --  Womens j16 1x    [Cusheen       ]  00:21:58.2
 69  59 Garda BC             --  Womens Inter 1x  [holden        ]  00:21:58.3
 70  70 Three Castles        --  Mens Master 1x   [OKeeffe       ]  00:22:18.9
 71  94 Tribesmen RC         --  TimingOnly       [Womens N 4x   ]  00:22:28.6
 72  63 Shandon BC           --  Mens Nov 1x      [Smith         ]  00:22:49.7
 73  79 Tralee RC            --  Womens Jun 1x    [odonnell      ]  00:23:20.5
 74  81 Col Iognaid RC       --  Womens Jun 1x    [NiGriofa      ]  00:23:48.6


2012 Galway Head of the River - Race 3 - Eights and Quads - Overall Results
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pos Drw Club                 Crw  Sectn                 Name            Time
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1   3 Grainne Mhaol NUIG    --  Mens Snr 8       [--------------]  00:13:34.2
  2   1 Grainne Mhaol NUIG    --  Mens Snr 8       [--------------]  00:13:35.5
  3   2 Cork BC               --  Mens Snr 8       [--------------]  00:13:51.1
  4  11 Galway RC             --  Mens Jr 8        [--------------]  00:14:00.4
  5   9 St Josephs RC         --  Mens Jr 8        [--------------]  00:14:03.6
  6   7 UCDBC                 --  Mens Inter 8     [--------------]  00:14:14.7
  7   4 Carlow RC             --  Mens Snr 4x      [--------------]  00:14:25.8
  8   5 Uni Limerick RC       --  Mens Snr 4x      [--------------]  00:14:26.2
  9  10 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Jr 8        [--------------]  00:14:27.5
 10  22 Presentation RC       --  Mens Jr 18 4x    [--------------]  00:14:36.3
 11   8 Muckross RC           --  Mens Inter 8     [--------------]  00:14:37.9
 12  20 Carlow RC             --  Mens Jr 18 4x    [--------------]  00:14:39.0
 13  12 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens Jr 8        [--------------]  00:14:50.4
 14  47 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Mens MasterDplu  [--------------]  00:14:52.5
 15  19 Cork BC               --  Mens Jr 18 4x    [--------------]  00:15:04.1
 16  17 Athlone BC            --  Mens Jr 18 4x    [--------------]  00:15:08.3
 17  27 St Josephs RC         --  Mens Jr 16 8     [--------------]  00:15:18.7
 18  31 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:15:27.8
 19  39 Cork BC               --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:15:37.5
 20  18 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Jr 18 4x    [--------------]  00:15:47.0
 21  35 Presentation RC       --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:15:56.9
 22  16 Athlunkard BC         --  Mens Inter 4x    [--------------]  00:15:58.5
 23  32 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:15:58.9
 24  15 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Inter 4x    [--------------]  00:16:08.5
 25  26 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens Jr 16 8     [--------------]  00:16:26.4
 26  25 Athlunkard BC         --  Mens Nov 4x      [--------------]  00:16:29.0
 27  45 St Michaels RC        --  Mens MasterDplu  [--------------]  00:16:29.2
 28  37 Carlow RC             --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:16:47.3
 29  33 Killorglin RC         --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:16:51.2
 30  23 Cork BC               --  Mens Nov 4x      [--------------]  00:16:56.0
 31  56 Muckross RC           --  Womens Jr 4      [--------------]  00:17:01.3
 32  38 Galway RC             --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:17:03.1
 33  13 Athlunkard BC         --  Mens Nov 8       [--------------]  00:17:03.8
 34  49 Cork BC               --  Womens Snr 4     [--------------]  00:17:10.4
 35  21 Tralee RC             --  Mens Jr 18 4x    [--------------]  00:17:10.4
 36  34 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:17:10.8
 37  50 NUIG BC               --  Womens Snr 4     [--------------]  00:17:13.3
 38  54 Col Iognaid RC        --  Womens Jr 4      [--------------]  00:17:20.0
 39  51 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Womens Inter 4   [--------------]  00:17:25.0
 40  84 NUIG BC               --  Womens Nov 4     [--------------]  00:17:28.4
 41  64 Neptune RC            --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:17:28.7
 42  86 Uni Limerick RC       --  Womens Nov 4     [--------------]  00:17:39.8
 43  67 CarrickOnShannon RC   --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:17:53.2
 44  87 CarrickOnShannon RC   --  Womens Nov 4     [--------------]  00:17:54.0
 45  52 NUIG BC               --  Womens Inter 4   [--------------]  00:17:57.4
 46  58 St Michaels RC        --  Womens Inter 2x  [--------------]  00:17:57.9
 47  61 Cork BC               --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:18:01.1
 48  90 NUIG BC               --  TimingOnly       [Women Nov 8   ]  00:18:04.0
 49  24 NUIG BC               --  Mens Nov 4x      [--------------]  00:18:08.1
 50  76 Carlow RC             --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:18:18.1
 51  62 Muckross RC           --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:18:18.8
 52  40 St Josephs RC         --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:18:28.1
 53  81 Killorglin RC         --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:18:29.5
 54  79 Carlow RC             --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:18:36.0
 55  29 Sligo RC              --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:18:39.0
 56  75 St Michaels RC        --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:18:43.9
 57  78 Galway RC             --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:18:47.0
 58  59 Garda BC              --  Womens Inter 2x  [--------------]  00:18:53.2
 59  60 St Michaels RC        --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:18:53.9
 60  68 Cork BC               --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:18:55.4
 61  83 Carlow RC             --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:19:00.5
 62  63 Muckross RC           --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:19:05.8
 63  71 CarrickOnShannon RC   --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:19:19.6
 64  65 Tralee RC             --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:19:24.6
 65  85 NUIG BC               --  Womens Nov 4     [--------------]  00:19:24.7
 66  73 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Womens J16 4     [--------------]  00:19:40.2
 67  57 St Michaels RC        --  Womens Jr 4      [--------------]  00:19:42.0
 68  89 Galway RC             --  Womens Nov 2x    [--------------]  00:19:56.2
 69  77 Athlunkard BC         --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:20:25.0
 70  66 Offaly RC             --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:20:37.2
 71  30 Cholaiste na Coiribe  --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:20:47.8
 72  82 Tralee RC             --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:21:22.4
 73  74 Sligo RC              --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:21:40.9
2012 Galway Head of the River - Race 1 - Fours and 2x - Section Results
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pos Drw Club                 Crw  Sectn                 Name            Time
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1   2 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Snr 4       [--------------]  00:14:23.6
  2   1 Cork BC               --  Mens Snr 4       [--------------]  00:14:40.9
  1   4 NUIG BC               --  Mens Inter 4     [--------------]  00:14:49.5
  2   5 UCDBC                 --  Mens Inter 4     [--------------]  00:15:51.2
  3   6 Muckross RC           --  Mens Inter 4     [--------------]  00:15:56.4
  4   8 UCDBC                 --  Mens Inter 4     [--------------]  00:16:10.2
  5   7 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Mens Inter 4     [--------------]  00:16:16.1
  6   9 Muckross RC           --  Mens Inter 4     [--------------]  00:16:18.9
  1  16 Presentation RC       --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:15:14.4
  2  18 St Josephs RC         --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:15:20.8
  3  17 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:15:23.0
  4  22 Galway RC             --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:15:44.1
  5  19 Galway RC             --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:15:44.6
  6  23 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:15:45.8
  7  20 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:15:50.5
  8  21 Carlow RC             --  Mens Junior 4    [--------------]  00:16:14.4
  1  34 Galway RC             --  Mens Master 4    [--------------]  00:15:16.6
  2  36 City of Derry BC      --  Mens Master 4    [--------------]  00:16:36.6
  1  54 Galway RC             --  Womens junior 8  [--------------]  00:15:43.1
  2  57 Muckross RC           --  Womens junior 8  [--------------]  00:16:26.3
  3  56 St Michaels RC        --  Womens junior 8  [--------------]  00:16:32.8
  4  55 Athlone BC            --  Womens junior 8  [--------------]  00:18:08.9
  1  90 NUIG BC               --  TimingOnly       [-M Inter   4x ]  00:15:43.7
  2  86 St Josephs RC         --  TimingOnly       [Mens Jnr 16 4x]  00:17:12.1
  3  88 NUIG BC               --  TimingOnly       [Men Nov 4x    ]  00:19:29.9
  1   3 Carlow RC             --  Mens Snr 2x      [--------------]  00:15:45.7
  1  37 NUIG BC               --  Womens Snr 8     [--------------]  00:15:53.8
  1  13 Garda BC              --  Mens Inter 2x    [--------------]  00:16:01.9
  2  10 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Inter 2x    [--------------]  00:16:05.2
  3  15 Cork BC               --  Mens Inter 2x    [--------------]  00:16:32.7
  4  11 Athlone BC            --  Mens Inter 2x    [--------------]  00:17:05.7
  5  14 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Inter 2x    [--------------]  00:17:49.7
  1  51 St Josephs RC         --  Mens J16 4       [--------------]  00:16:04.7
  2  43 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Mens J16 4       [--------------]  00:16:28.2
  3  41 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens J16 4       [--------------]  00:17:14.3
  4  39 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens J16 4       [--------------]  00:18:00.2
  1  38 St Michaels RC        --  Womens Snr 4x    [--------------]  00:16:08.4
  1  50 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens J16 2x      [--------------]  00:16:21.5
  2  48 Athlone BC            --  Mens J16 2x      [--------------]  00:17:28.3
  3  45 Athlunkard BC         --  Mens J16 2x      [--------------]  00:17:34.6
  4  49 St Michaels RC        --  Mens J16 2x      [--------------]  00:18:01.3
  5  46 Killorglin RC         --  Mens J16 2x      [--------------]  00:18:14.9
  6  47 Tralee RC             --  Mens J16 2x      [--------------]  00:18:35.3
  7  44 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Mens J16 2x      [--------------]  00:19:06.1
  1  66 Uni Limerick RC       --  Womens Nov 8     [--------------]  00:16:46.5
  2  67 NUIG BC               --  Womens Nov 8     [--------------]  00:17:04.7
  3  68 NUIG BC               --  Womens Nov 8     [--------------]  00:17:25.0
  4  69 Athlunkard BC         --  Womens Nov 8     [--------------]  00:18:01.4
  1  29 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Jr 2x       [--------------]  00:16:46.7
  2  24 Presentation RC       --  Mens Jr 2x       [--------------]  00:16:49.6
  3  27 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens Jr 2x       [--------------]  00:17:19.6
  4  30 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens Jr 2x       [--------------]  00:17:27.8
  5  33 Tralee RC             --  Mens Jr 2x       [--------------]  00:17:41.3
  6  28 St Josephs RC         --  Mens Jr 2x       [--------------]  00:17:46.8
  7  25 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Mens Jr 2x       [--------------]  00:21:05.4
  1  80 Carlow RC             --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:17:08.1
  2  77 Killorglin RC         --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:17:31.8
  3  78 Cork BC               --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:17:41.5
  4  79 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:17:56.7
  5  84 St Michaels RC        --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:18:19.6
  6  76 Col Iognaid RC        --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:18:39.7
  7  81 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:18:41.1
  8  75 Galway RC             --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:18:45.1
  9  74 Offaly RC             --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:19:17.2
 10  82 Tralee RC             --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:20:00.9
 11  83 Cholaiste na Coiribe  --  Womens J16 4x    [--------------]  00:23:30.1
  1  59 CarrickOnShannon RC   --  Womens Jun 4x    [--------------]  00:17:08.7
  2  61 CarrickOnShannon RC   --  Womens Jun 4x    [--------------]  00:18:16.6
  1  52 Cork BC               --  Mens Nov 4       [--------------]  00:17:20.2
  1  73 Carlow RC             --  Womens Mast 4x   [--------------]  00:17:20.5
  1  72 Galway RC             --  Mens Master 2x   [--------------]  00:18:08.3
  2  70 Three Castles         --  Mens Master 2x   [--------------]  00:19:48.6
  3  71 Three Castles         --  Mens Master 2x   [--------------]  00:23:37.5
  1  85 Athlunkard BC         --  Mens Nov 2x      [--------------]  00:18:36.5
  1  65 Shandon BC            --  Womens Nov 4x    [--------------]  00:20:06.9
  1  63 Athlone BC            --  Womens J16 8     [--------------]  00:20:29.1
2012 Galway Head of the River - Race 2 - Sculls and Pairs - Section Results
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pos Drw Club                Crw  Sectn                 Name            Time
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1   2 St Michaels RC       --  Mens Snr 2       [--------------]  00:16:26.3
  2   1 St Michaels RC       --  Mens Snr 2       [--------------]  00:16:27.2
  3   3 Cork BC              --  Mens Snr 2       [--------------]  00:16:47.8
  4   4 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Mens Snr 2       [--------------]  00:17:34.0
  1  13 Galway RC            --  Mens Jr 2        [--------------]  00:17:04.2
  2  10 Cork BC              --  Mens Jr 2        [--------------]  00:17:31.7
  1  30 Neptune RC           --  Mens Inter 1x    [bailey        ]  00:17:11.7
  2  31 St Michaels RC       --  Mens Inter 1x    [Stundon       ]  00:17:14.4
  3  24 Uni Limerick RC      --  Mens Inter 1x    [rice          ]  00:17:36.6
  4  25 Uni Limerick RC      --  Mens Inter 1x    [sheehan       ]  00:17:52.8
  5  29 Carlow RC            --  Mens Inter 1x    [murphy        ]  00:17:53.3
  6  23 CarrickOnShannon RC  --  Mens Inter 1x    [Little        ]  00:17:54.6
  7  32 Garda BC             --  Mens Inter 1x    [Kelly         ]  00:18:08.2
  8  33 Neptune RC           --  Mens Inter 1x    [harwood       ]  00:18:28.1
  9  34 St Michaels RC       --  Mens Inter 1x    [Cullinane     ]  00:18:30.2
 10  35 Sligo RC             --  Mens Inter 1x    [McGarry       ]  00:18:33.7
 11  28 Shandon BC           --  Mens Inter 1x    [OFlynn        ]  00:18:34.2
 12  36 Garda BC             --  Mens Inter 1x    [MacEoin       ]  00:18:37.3
 13  26 Garda BC             --  Mens Inter 1x    [Murphy        ]  00:19:13.8
 14  27 Athlone BC           --  Mens Inter 1x    [egan          ]  00:20:13.3
 15  37 St Michaels RC       --  Mens Inter 1x    [Taylor        ]  00:20:19.0
  1   6 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Mens Inter 2     [--------------]  00:17:33.4
  2   7 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Mens Inter 2     [--------------]  00:17:44.1
  1  20 Lagan Scullers       --  Mens Snr 1x      [darby         ]  00:17:36.5
  2  19 Carlow RC            --  Mens Snr 1x      [Coughlan      ]  00:17:44.7
  3  21 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Mens Snr 1x      [Gleeson       ]  00:17:52.4
  4  22 Carlow RC            --  Mens Snr 1x      [Ryan          ]  00:18:07.4
  1  50 Athlone BC           --  Mens Jr 1x       [molloy        ]  00:17:40.1
  2  39 Col Iognaid RC       --  Mens Jr 1x       [bell          ]  00:17:52.8
  3  47 St Michaels RC       --  Mens Jr 1x       [Hanily        ]  00:18:33.5
  4  46 Tralee RC            --  Mens Jr 1x       [stuart        ]  00:19:16.3
  5  43 Col Iognaid RC       --  Mens Jr 1x       [higgins       ]  00:19:36.8
  6  48 Offaly RC            --  Mens Jr 1x       [walshe        ]  00:19:42.3
  7  49 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Mens Jr 1x       [EstelleRoe    ]  00:19:58.3
  8  45 St Josephs RC        --  Mens Jr 1x       [lydon         ]  00:20:46.5
  1  51 Killorglin RC        --  Womens Snr 1x    [dukarska      ]  00:18:10.0
  2  54 Three Castles        --  Womens Snr 1x    [Moran         ]  00:18:18.5
  3  56 Uni Limerick RC      --  Womens Snr 1x    [osullivan     ]  00:18:58.9
  4  52 St Michaels RC       --  Womens Snr 1x    [Jennings      ]  00:19:00.1
  5  53 Three Castles        --  Womens Snr 1x    [quinn         ]  00:19:05.8
  1  61 Offaly RC            --  Mens Nov 1x      [gannon        ]  00:18:17.6
  2  60 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Mens Nov 1x      [Connolly      ]  00:19:48.5
  3  65 CarrickOnShannon RC  --  Mens Nov 1x      [carthy        ]  00:19:58.7
  4  63 Shandon BC           --  Mens Nov 1x      [Smith         ]  00:22:49.7
  1  71 St Michaels RC       --  Womens Jun 1x    [OBrien        ]  00:18:46.0
  2  76 Cork BC              --  Womens Jun 1x    [Higgins       ]  00:19:23.1
  3  77 Muckross RC          --  Womens Jun 1x    [crowly        ]  00:19:27.6
  4  72 Neptune RC           --  Womens Jun 1x    [obrien        ]  00:19:51.1
  5  78 Cork BC              --  Womens Jun 1x    [Hamel         ]  00:19:57.1
  6  80 Neptune RC           --  Womens Jun 1x    [cassidy       ]  00:19:59.7
  7  74 Cork BC              --  Womens Jun 1x    [Devine        ]  00:20:27.8
  8  73 Athlunkard BC        --  Womens Jun 1x    [green         ]  00:20:31.8
  9  82 Tralee RC            --  Womens Jun 1x    [deady         ]  00:21:25.5
 10  79 Tralee RC            --  Womens Jun 1x    [odonnell      ]  00:23:20.5
 11  81 Col Iognaid RC       --  Womens Jun 1x    [NiGriofa      ]  00:23:48.6
  1  14 NUIG BC              --  Womens Snr 2     [--------------]  00:18:51.3
  1  67 City of Derry BC     --  Mens Master 1x   [Durso         ]  00:19:14.8
  2  68 Lagan Scullers       --  Mens Master 1x   [mcallister    ]  00:20:14.9
  3  69 Tralee RC            --  Mens Master 1x   [slattery      ]  00:20:16.2
  4  70 Three Castles        --  Mens Master 1x   [OKeeffe       ]  00:22:18.9
  1  16 Shannon RC           --  Womens Jr 2      [--------------]  00:19:14.9
  2  17 Sligo RC             --  Womens Jr 2      [--------------]  00:19:43.8
  1  58 St Michaels RC       --  Womens Inter 1x  [McEvoy        ]  00:19:29.6
  2  59 Garda BC             --  Womens Inter 1x  [holden        ]  00:21:58.3
  1  87 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Womens Nov 1x    [Foley         ]  00:19:43.9
  2  88 St Michaels RC       --  Womens Nov 1x    [Gill          ]  00:20:21.4
  3  89 Garda BC             --  Womens Nov 1x    [OBrien        ]  00:21:01.5
  1  84 Commercial-Dub RC    --  Mens Jr 16 1x    [Dunne         ]  00:19:54.5
  2  85 Killorglin RC        --  Mens Jr 16 1x    [dee           ]  00:20:19.1
  3  83 Athlone BC           --  Mens Jr 16 1x    [hannon        ]  00:20:22.2
  1  92 Tralee RC            --  Womens j16 1x    [Ryall         ]  00:21:44.9
  2  93 Col Iognaid RC       --  Womens j16 1x    [Cusheen       ]  00:21:58.2
  1  15 NUIG BC              --  Womens Inter 2   [--------------]  00:21:45.2
  1  94 Tribesmen RC         --  TimingOnly       [Womens N 4x   ]  00:22:28.6
2012 Galway Head of the River - Race 3 - Eights and Quads - Section Results
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pos Drw Club                 Crw  Sectn                 Name            Time
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1   3 Grainne Mhaol NUIG    --  Mens Snr 8       [--------------]  00:13:34.2
  2   1 Grainne Mhaol NUIG    --  Mens Snr 8       [--------------]  00:13:35.5
  3   2 Cork BC               --  Mens Snr 8       [--------------]  00:13:51.1
  1  11 Galway RC             --  Mens Jr 8        [--------------]  00:14:00.4
  2   9 St Josephs RC         --  Mens Jr 8        [--------------]  00:14:03.6
  3  10 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Jr 8        [--------------]  00:14:27.5
  4  12 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens Jr 8        [--------------]  00:14:50.4
  1   7 UCDBC                 --  Mens Inter 8     [--------------]  00:14:14.7
  2   8 Muckross RC           --  Mens Inter 8     [--------------]  00:14:37.9
  1   4 Carlow RC             --  Mens Snr 4x      [--------------]  00:14:25.8
  2   5 Uni Limerick RC       --  Mens Snr 4x      [--------------]  00:14:26.2
  1  22 Presentation RC       --  Mens Jr 18 4x    [--------------]  00:14:36.3
  2  20 Carlow RC             --  Mens Jr 18 4x    [--------------]  00:14:39.0
  3  19 Cork BC               --  Mens Jr 18 4x    [--------------]  00:15:04.1
  4  17 Athlone BC            --  Mens Jr 18 4x    [--------------]  00:15:08.3
  5  18 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Jr 18 4x    [--------------]  00:15:47.0
  6  21 Tralee RC             --  Mens Jr 18 4x    [--------------]  00:17:10.4
  1  47 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Mens MasterDplu  [--------------]  00:14:52.5
  2  45 St Michaels RC        --  Mens MasterDplu  [--------------]  00:16:29.2
  1  27 St Josephs RC         --  Mens Jr 16 8     [--------------]  00:15:18.7
  2  26 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens Jr 16 8     [--------------]  00:16:26.4
  1  31 Col Iognaid RC        --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:15:27.8
  2  39 Cork BC               --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:15:37.5
  3  35 Presentation RC       --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:15:56.9
  4  32 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:15:58.9
  5  37 Carlow RC             --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:16:47.3
  6  33 Killorglin RC         --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:16:51.2
  7  38 Galway RC             --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:17:03.1
  8  34 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:17:10.8
  9  40 St Josephs RC         --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:18:28.1
 10  29 Sligo RC              --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:18:39.0
 11  30 Cholaiste na Coiribe  --  Mens Jr 16 4x    [--------------]  00:20:47.8
  1  16 Athlunkard BC         --  Mens Inter 4x    [--------------]  00:15:58.5
  2  15 St Michaels RC        --  Mens Inter 4x    [--------------]  00:16:08.5
  1  25 Athlunkard BC         --  Mens Nov 4x      [--------------]  00:16:29.0
  2  23 Cork BC               --  Mens Nov 4x      [--------------]  00:16:56.0
  3  24 NUIG BC               --  Mens Nov 4x      [--------------]  00:18:08.1
  1  56 Muckross RC           --  Womens Jr 4      [--------------]  00:17:01.3
  2  54 Col Iognaid RC        --  Womens Jr 4      [--------------]  00:17:20.0
  3  57 St Michaels RC        --  Womens Jr 4      [--------------]  00:19:42.0
  1  13 Athlunkard BC         --  Mens Nov 8       [--------------]  00:17:03.8
  1  49 Cork BC               --  Womens Snr 4     [--------------]  00:17:10.4
  2  50 NUIG BC               --  Womens Snr 4     [--------------]  00:17:13.3
  1  51 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Womens Inter 4   [--------------]  00:17:25.0
  2  52 NUIG BC               --  Womens Inter 4   [--------------]  00:17:57.4
  1  84 NUIG BC               --  Womens Nov 4     [--------------]  00:17:28.4
  2  86 Uni Limerick RC       --  Womens Nov 4     [--------------]  00:17:39.8
  3  87 CarrickOnShannon RC   --  Womens Nov 4     [--------------]  00:17:54.0
  4  85 NUIG BC               --  Womens Nov 4     [--------------]  00:19:24.7
  1  64 Neptune RC            --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:17:28.7
  2  67 CarrickOnShannon RC   --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:17:53.2
  3  61 Cork BC               --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:18:01.1
  4  62 Muckross RC           --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:18:18.8
  5  60 St Michaels RC        --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:18:53.9
  6  68 Cork BC               --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:18:55.4
  7  63 Muckross RC           --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:19:05.8
  8  71 CarrickOnShannon RC   --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:19:19.6
  9  65 Tralee RC             --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:19:24.6
 10  66 Offaly RC             --  Womens Jr 2x     [--------------]  00:20:37.2
  1  58 St Michaels RC        --  Womens Inter 2x  [--------------]  00:17:57.9
  2  59 Garda BC              --  Womens Inter 2x  [--------------]  00:18:53.2
  1  90 NUIG BC               --  TimingOnly       [Women Nov 8   ]  00:18:04.0
  1  76 Carlow RC             --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:18:18.1
  2  81 Killorglin RC         --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:18:29.5
  3  79 Carlow RC             --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:18:36.0
  4  75 St Michaels RC        --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:18:43.9
  5  78 Galway RC             --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:18:47.0
  6  83 Carlow RC             --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:19:00.5
  7  77 Athlunkard BC         --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:20:25.0
  8  82 Tralee RC             --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:21:22.4
  9  74 Sligo RC              --  Womens J16 2x    [--------------]  00:21:40.9
  1  73 Commercial-Dub RC     --  Womens J16 4     [--------------]  00:19:40.2
  1  89 Galway RC             --  Womens Nov 2x    [--------------]  00:19:56.2

Published in Rowing

Ireland's Offshore Renewable Energy

Because of Ireland's location at the Atlantic edge of the EU, it has more offshore energy potential than most other countries in Europe. The conditions are suitable for the development of the full range of current offshore renewable energy technologies.

Offshore Renewable Energy FAQs

Offshore renewable energy draws on the natural energy provided by wind, wave and tide to convert it into electricity for industry and domestic consumption.

Offshore wind is the most advanced technology, using fixed wind turbines in coastal areas, while floating wind is a developing technology more suited to deeper water. In 2018, offshore wind provided a tiny fraction of global electricity supply, but it is set to expand strongly in the coming decades into a USD 1 trillion business, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). It says that turbines are growing in size and in power capacity, which in turn is "delivering major performance and cost improvements for offshore wind farms".

The global offshore wind market grew nearly 30% per year between 2010 and 2018, according to the IEA, due to rapid technology improvements, It calculated that about 150 new offshore wind projects are in active development around the world. Europe in particular has fostered the technology's development, led by Britain, Germany and Denmark, but China added more capacity than any other country in 2018.

A report for the Irish Wind Energy Assocation (IWEA) by the Carbon Trust – a British government-backed limited company established to accelerate Britain's move to a low carbon economy - says there are currently 14 fixed-bottom wind energy projects, four floating wind projects and one project that has yet to choose a technology at some stage of development in Irish waters. Some of these projects are aiming to build before 2030 to contribute to the 5GW target set by the Irish government, and others are expected to build after 2030. These projects have to secure planning permission, obtain a grid connection and also be successful in a competitive auction in the Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (RESS).

The electricity generated by each turbine is collected by an offshore electricity substation located within the wind farm. Seabed cables connect the offshore substation to an onshore substation on the coast. These cables transport the electricity to land from where it will be used to power homes, farms and businesses around Ireland. The offshore developer works with EirGrid, which operates the national grid, to identify how best to do this and where exactly on the grid the project should connect.

The new Marine Planning and Development Management Bill will create a new streamlined system for planning permission for activity or infrastructure in Irish waters or on the seabed, including offshore wind farms. It is due to be published before the end of 2020 and enacted in 2021.

There are a number of companies aiming to develop offshore wind energy off the Irish coast and some of the larger ones would be ESB, SSE Renewables, Energia, Statkraft and RWE.

There are a number of companies aiming to develop offshore wind energy off the Irish coast and some of the larger ones would be ESB, SSE Renewables, Energia, Statkraft and RWE. Is there scope for community involvement in offshore wind? The IWEA says that from the early stages of a project, the wind farm developer "should be engaging with the local community to inform them about the project, answer their questions and listen to their concerns". It says this provides the community with "the opportunity to work with the developer to help shape the final layout and design of the project". Listening to fishing industry concerns, and how fishermen may be affected by survey works, construction and eventual operation of a project is "of particular concern to developers", the IWEA says. It says there will also be a community benefit fund put in place for each project. It says the final details of this will be addressed in the design of the RESS (see below) for offshore wind but it has the potential to be "tens of millions of euro over the 15 years of the RESS contract". The Government is also considering the possibility that communities will be enabled to invest in offshore wind farms though there is "no clarity yet on how this would work", the IWEA says.

Based on current plans, it would amount to around 12 GW of offshore wind energy. However, the IWEA points out that is unlikely that all of the projects planned will be completed. The industry says there is even more significant potential for floating offshore wind off Ireland's west coast and the Programme for Government contains a commitment to develop a long-term plan for at least 30 GW of floating offshore wind in our deeper waters.

There are many different models of turbines. The larger a turbine, the more efficient it is in producing electricity at a good price. In choosing a turbine model the developer will be conscious of this ,but also has to be aware the impact of the turbine on the environment, marine life, biodiversity and visual impact. As a broad rule an offshore wind turbine will have a tip-height of between 165m and 215m tall. However, turbine technology is evolving at a rapid rate with larger more efficient turbines anticipated on the market in the coming years.

 

The Renewable Electricity Support Scheme is designed to support the development of renewable energy projects in Ireland. Under the scheme wind farms and solar farms compete against each other in an auction with the projects which offer power at the lowest price awarded contracts. These contracts provide them with a guaranteed price for their power for 15 years. If they obtain a better price for their electricity on the wholesale market they must return the difference to the consumer.

Yes. The first auction for offshore renewable energy projects is expected to take place in late 2021.

Cost is one difference, and technology is another. Floating wind farm technology is relatively new, but allows use of deeper water. Ireland's 50-metre contour line is the limit for traditional bottom-fixed wind farms, and it is also very close to population centres, which makes visibility of large turbines an issue - hence the attraction of floating structures Do offshore wind farms pose a navigational hazard to shipping? Inshore fishermen do have valid concerns. One of the first steps in identifying a site as a potential location for an offshore wind farm is to identify and assess the level of existing marine activity in the area and this particularly includes shipping. The National Marine Planning Framework aims to create, for the first time, a plan to balance the various kinds of offshore activity with the protection of the Irish marine environment. This is expected to be published before the end of 2020, and will set out clearly where is suitable for offshore renewable energy development and where it is not - due, for example, to shipping movements and safe navigation.

YEnvironmental organisations are concerned about the impact of turbines on bird populations, particularly migrating birds. A Danish scientific study published in 2019 found evidence that larger birds were tending to avoid turbine blades, but said it didn't have sufficient evidence for smaller birds – and cautioned that the cumulative effect of farms could still have an impact on bird movements. A full environmental impact assessment has to be carried out before a developer can apply for planning permission to develop an offshore wind farm. This would include desk-based studies as well as extensive surveys of the population and movements of birds and marine mammals, as well as fish and seabed habitats. If a potential environmental impact is identified the developer must, as part of the planning application, show how the project will be designed in such a way as to avoid the impact or to mitigate against it.

A typical 500 MW offshore wind farm would require an operations and maintenance base which would be on the nearby coast. Such a project would generally create between 80-100 fulltime jobs, according to the IWEA. There would also be a substantial increase to in-direct employment and associated socio-economic benefit to the surrounding area where the operation and maintenance hub is located.

The recent Carbon Trust report for the IWEA, entitled Harnessing our potential, identified significant skills shortages for offshore wind in Ireland across the areas of engineering financial services and logistics. The IWEA says that as Ireland is a relatively new entrant to the offshore wind market, there are "opportunities to develop and implement strategies to address the skills shortages for delivering offshore wind and for Ireland to be a net exporter of human capital and skills to the highly competitive global offshore wind supply chain". Offshore wind requires a diverse workforce with jobs in both transferable (for example from the oil and gas sector) and specialist disciplines across apprenticeships and higher education. IWEA have a training network called the Green Tech Skillnet that facilitates training and networking opportunities in the renewable energy sector.

It is expected that developing the 3.5 GW of offshore wind energy identified in the Government's Climate Action Plan would create around 2,500 jobs in construction and development and around 700 permanent operations and maintenance jobs. The Programme for Government published in 2020 has an enhanced target of 5 GW of offshore wind which would create even more employment. The industry says that in the initial stages, the development of offshore wind energy would create employment in conducting environmental surveys, community engagement and development applications for planning. As a site moves to construction, people with backgrounds in various types of engineering, marine construction and marine transport would be recruited. Once the site is up and running , a project requires a team of turbine technicians, engineers and administrators to ensure the wind farm is fully and properly maintained, as well as crew for the crew transfer vessels transporting workers from shore to the turbines.

The IEA says that today's offshore wind market "doesn't even come close to tapping the full potential – with high-quality resources available in most major markets". It estimates that offshore wind has the potential to generate more than 420 000 Terawatt hours per year (TWh/yr) worldwide – as in more than 18 times the current global electricity demand. One Terawatt is 114 megawatts, and to put it in context, Scotland it has a population a little over 5 million and requires 25 TWh/yr of electrical energy.

Not as advanced as wind, with anchoring a big challenge – given that the most effective wave energy has to be in the most energetic locations, such as the Irish west coast. Britain, Ireland and Portugal are regarded as most advanced in developing wave energy technology. The prize is significant, the industry says, as there are forecasts that varying between 4000TWh/yr to 29500TWh/yr. Europe consumes around 3000TWh/year.

The industry has two main umbrella organisations – the Irish Wind Energy Association, which represents both onshore and offshore wind, and the Marine Renewables Industry Association, which focuses on all types of renewable in the marine environment.

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