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World Wetlands Day is being marked in Ireland with a number of events on coastlines and inland lakes from February 1st to 3rd.

Birdwatch Ireland says that Ireland has an “incredible array” of wetlands, from coastal and inland areas to turloughs and peatlands, supporting an “abundance of life”.

 “A diverse web of plants, invertebrates, reptiles, amphibians, fish, birds and mammals rely on these habitats for their survival and, as wetlands provide water and food, store floodwater, protect against extreme weather events, and capture carbon, there’s no doubt that we humans are dependent on them, too,” it says.

While wetlands are “birding hotspots year-round”, Birdwatch Ireland says, the numbers of birds surge at these wetlands each autumn with the arrival of migratory waterbirds.

These include many species of waders, ducks, geese and swans which breed in northern latitudes and migrate southwards to spend the winter. Wexford Harbour and Slobs welcome Greenland white-fronted geese in their thousands each October.

Galway Bay, Donegal Bay, Blacksod, and Tullaghan Bays are also internationally important sites for Great northern divers who migrate from North America, Greenland and Iceland to winter in Ireland.

Several events taking place from February 1st to 3rd are listed below:

World Wetlands Day event at Bull Island, February 3rd- free talk in Bull Island’s Interpretive Centre at 11am, followed by birdwatching on the island afterwards. All are welcome! This event is hosted by BirdWatch Ireland and Dublin City Council.

Birdwatching at the Boyne Estuary - The BirdWatch Ireland Meath Branch will hold an event on Saturday, February 3rd from 2pm until 4pm, when participants can enjoy a guided walk with Birdwatch Ireland Meath’s Franck Le Moenner around the Boyne estuary in Mornington. This event is held in association with Meath County Council. Find out more and RSVP here.

World Wetlands Day Workshop in Limerick - A World Wetlands Day Workshop organised by Limerick City and County Council will be held on Thursday, February 1st, with Tom Tarpey from the BirdWatch Ireland Limerick Branch as one of the three main speakers. The event will run from 7 p.m. until 9.30 p.m., with Tom giving a talk on wetland birds and wintering wildfowl at 7.30 p.m.  Find out more and RSVP here.

Published in Marine Wildlife
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Kerry’s Tralee Bay wetlands and Lough Gur lakeshore in Co Limerick are both winners in this year’s Green Flag awards.

Some 101 green spaces were selected for awards in Ireland out of a total of 150 across Europe, according to An Taisce’s environmental education unit.

Tralee Bay Wetlands Eco and activity park was the overall winner, and also the town winner in the Green Flag Pollinator awards.

Lough Gur Lakeshore Park and Visitor Centre in Limerick was one of two, along with Julianstown Community Garden in Co Meath, to receive special innovation awards.

Lough Gur installed 28 bee lodges to support solitary and native bees. The lodges were built by participants in the Probation and Linkage in Limerick scheme as part of the prison education programme, and were funded by Analog Devices.

An An Taisce Green Flag flying at Lough Gur Lakeshore Park and Visitor Centre in LimerickAn Taisce's Green Flag flying at Lough Gur Lakeshore Park and Visitor Centre in Limerick

Other coastal award winners include Garinish Island and Fota Arboretum and Gardens in Co Cork and Derrynane House and Park in Co Kerry.

Participating countries in the international award scheme are Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and Turkey.

Britain, where the green flag was initiated in 1996, is no longer in the EU but has 2,216 parks – the largest number since the scheme began 27 years ago – which can raise green flags this year.

Like its blue flag counterpart on coastlines, the green flag award benchmarks excellence in the management of spaces which are open and free to the public. In this case, it highlights parks, gardens, grounds and wildlife sanctuaries which have made special efforts.

An Taisce’s environmental education unit published the full list here

Published in Coastal Notes

Ireland has 45 fragile flooded habitats which are protected under a UN Convention named after a city on the Caspian Sea.

The Ramsar Convention was signed in the city in 1971, and international participation has gradually grown to 172 countries.

Ireland has 45 such designated areas under the convention in bogs, marshes, ponds and lakes, rivers, wet woodlands/grasslands, fens, estuaries and coastal lagoons.

Booterstown Nature Reserve on Dublin Bay is a unique home to many protected species Photo: WikicommonsBooterstown Nature Reserve on Dublin Bay is a unique home to many protected species Photo: Wikicommons

“Time to restore” was the theme of this year’s UN World Wetlands Day, and Tobias Salathé, senior advisor to the UN Ramsar Convention, marked it at an event in Wexford hosted by Coastwatch Ireland.

Afterwards, Salathé and Coastwatch’s Karin Dubsky spoke to Wavelengths at Booterstown Marsh in Dublin. Salathé, an ornithologist, explained what the convention is all about and why we should care, and we began with Karin Dubsky explaining what we were all looking at.

Published in Wavelength Podcast
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Restoration is the theme of a Coastwatch event to mark UN World Wetlands Day today in Co Wexford.

The one-day event will include a keynote address by Tobias Salathe of the Ramsar Convention European office in Geneva, Switzerland.

Ireland currently has 45 areas designated as Ramsar sites or wetlands of international importance, covering a surface of 66,994 hectares.

They are protected by the Convention on Wetlands, which came into force here in March,1985.

The convention is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources.

Ireland is one of 172 contracting parties to the convention protecting 2,400 wetlands of international importance.

The total surface of designated sites extends across a global area of 256,192,356 hectares.

Austrian ambassador to Ireland HE Thomas Nader will open a Coastwatch exhibition this morning in Wexford County Hall at 11am, followed by Mr Salathe’s address.

A workshop on addressing climate change, biodiversity and water quality issues and the role of wetlands will be facilitated by journalist Brian Trench.

Field trips are planned to wetlands both threatened by climate change, including farmland which was claimed from the sea years ago and is now in the front line of sea level rise and storm surges, according to Coastwatch co-ordinator Karin Dubsky.

The event will conclude with a celebration in “song, music and word” from 5pm to 7pm. More here

Published in Marine Wildlife
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World Wetlands Day 2022 has been marked by Minister of State for Heritage Malcolm Noonan with a tribute to communities who have worked to restore and raise awareness of the value of wetlands and peatlands.

Community-led projects are a key component to the conservation and restoration of wetlands, he said.

Mr Noonan has also released a promotional video to “raise public awareness of the value of peatlands as key ecosystems”.

Such wetlands and peatlands provide “socio-economic and environmental benefits as well as being large, long-term carbon stores with unique biodiversity”, he noted.

Minister of State for Heritage Malcolm NoonanMinister of State for Heritage Malcolm Noonan

“Since 2018, with increased funding and resources, the National Parks and Wildlife Service of the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage has restored or is actively restoring over 5,000 ha of protected raised bogs,”he said.

“This year will see the conclusion of the LIFE ‘Living Bog’ project which restored 12 raised bogs designated as Natura 2000 sites (SACs) in the midlands region,” he said.

A community engagement scheme run by his department has the largest funding allocation to date of 50,000 euro this year, Noonan said.

He has also announced that his department’s Local Biodiversity Action Fund is now open to applications from local authorities.

The fund increased to €1.5m in 2022, and supports locally-led projects that align with actions under the National Biodiversity Action Plan, he said.

One such project funded under the scheme in 2021 is Galway County Council’s “Wetlands of North East Galway” StoryMap, which has also been published this week.

The scheme, operated by the National Parks and Wildlife Service has “proven hugely popular, with all 31 local authorities seeking funding in 2021”, he said.

“A wide variety of projects were financed, ranging from the surveying of breeding birds and the creation of pollinator-friendly initiatives to projects raising awareness of the importance of biodiversity to our well-being, he said.

Published in Marine Wildlife
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They might be small pockets of marshy ground, or they could be on bogs, in estuaries, or turloughs.

All these are wetland habitats, and are the focus of a new photographic contest to mark World Wetlands day today, February 2nd.

The global event marks 50 years since the signing of the Ramsar Convention, an international agreement on conservation and “wise use” of wetlands.

Ireland is a signatory to the agreement which aims to ensure protection of the ecosystems which tend to be taken for granted.

The Irish Ramsar Wetlands Committee says that a combination of geology and abundant rain has “endowed Ireland with an extraordinary array of wetlands covering some 20% of the country”

The Clara Bog Ramsar site  Photo: Peter Foss of Wetland Surveys Ireland The Clara Bog Ramsar site Photo: Peter Foss of Wetland Surveys Ireland

“There are many types of wetlands ranging from lakes, rivers, turloughs, bogs and estuaries to fens, marshes, wet woodlands, heaths and machair,” it says.

“While many wetlands are protected under EU environmental legislation, 45 of Ireland’s wetlands are Ramsar sites,” it says, and are part of the global Ramsar network.

These sites include Tralee Bay, Lough Corrib, Pollardstown Fen, Clara Bog and Coole Lough and Garryland wood.

Irelands Ramsar sites are important for their variety of wetlands habitats, for wintering and breeding birds and for plants, mammals and invertebrates.

Some 40% of all species live or breed in wetlands, and wetlands store 30% of land-based carbon which is vital for climate change mitigation.

The ecosystems also remove pollutants from circulation and provide protection from flooding and storms.

A video series is being rolled out today, launched by EcoEye presenter Anja Murray, with more details on Irish wetlands.ie

Photos of wetland habitats can be submitted via the Wetland Surveys Ireland Snapshot App until May 31st.

Prizes include OPW Family Heritage Cards, Biodiversity Ireland Swatch cards and inclusion in a 2022 Irish Wetlands Calendar.

Published in Marine Wildlife
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Ballyvergan marsh is under threat after the discovery of an illegal pipe being used to drain the wetlands area, claims Coastwatch.
The Irish Times reports that the environmental group has called for immediate action over the draining of the marsh near Youghal in Co Cork.
Cork County Council has also confirmed to the paper that a letter regarding an "allegation of unathorised development" has been sent to the landowner.
The marsh at Ballyvergan is one of the largest on the south coast, and is zoned as a special amenity. It is also an important breeding site for migratory birds.
Karin Dubsky of Coastwatch said that the situation highlights the deficiencies in State policy regarding Ireland's wetlands.
The Irish Times has more on the story HERE.

Ballyvergan marsh is under threat after the discovery of an illegal pipe being used to drain the wetlands area, claims Coastwatch.

The Irish Times reports that the environmental group has called for immediate action over the draining of the marsh near Youghal in Co Cork. 

Cork County Council has also confirmed to the paper that a letter regarding an "allegation of unathorised development" has been sent to the landowner.

The marsh at Ballyvergan is one of the largest on the south coast, and is zoned as a special amenity. It is also an important breeding site for migratory birds.

Karin Dubsky of Coastwatch said that the situation highlights the deficiencies in State policy regarding Ireland's wetlands.

The Irish Times has more on the story HERE.

Published in Coastal Notes

Ireland's Offshore Renewable Energy

Because of Ireland's location at the Atlantic edge of the EU, it has more offshore energy potential than most other countries in Europe. The conditions are suitable for the development of the full range of current offshore renewable energy technologies.

Offshore Renewable Energy FAQs

Offshore renewable energy draws on the natural energy provided by wind, wave and tide to convert it into electricity for industry and domestic consumption.

Offshore wind is the most advanced technology, using fixed wind turbines in coastal areas, while floating wind is a developing technology more suited to deeper water. In 2018, offshore wind provided a tiny fraction of global electricity supply, but it is set to expand strongly in the coming decades into a USD 1 trillion business, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). It says that turbines are growing in size and in power capacity, which in turn is "delivering major performance and cost improvements for offshore wind farms".

The global offshore wind market grew nearly 30% per year between 2010 and 2018, according to the IEA, due to rapid technology improvements, It calculated that about 150 new offshore wind projects are in active development around the world. Europe in particular has fostered the technology's development, led by Britain, Germany and Denmark, but China added more capacity than any other country in 2018.

A report for the Irish Wind Energy Assocation (IWEA) by the Carbon Trust – a British government-backed limited company established to accelerate Britain's move to a low carbon economy - says there are currently 14 fixed-bottom wind energy projects, four floating wind projects and one project that has yet to choose a technology at some stage of development in Irish waters. Some of these projects are aiming to build before 2030 to contribute to the 5GW target set by the Irish government, and others are expected to build after 2030. These projects have to secure planning permission, obtain a grid connection and also be successful in a competitive auction in the Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (RESS).

The electricity generated by each turbine is collected by an offshore electricity substation located within the wind farm. Seabed cables connect the offshore substation to an onshore substation on the coast. These cables transport the electricity to land from where it will be used to power homes, farms and businesses around Ireland. The offshore developer works with EirGrid, which operates the national grid, to identify how best to do this and where exactly on the grid the project should connect.

The new Marine Planning and Development Management Bill will create a new streamlined system for planning permission for activity or infrastructure in Irish waters or on the seabed, including offshore wind farms. It is due to be published before the end of 2020 and enacted in 2021.

There are a number of companies aiming to develop offshore wind energy off the Irish coast and some of the larger ones would be ESB, SSE Renewables, Energia, Statkraft and RWE.

There are a number of companies aiming to develop offshore wind energy off the Irish coast and some of the larger ones would be ESB, SSE Renewables, Energia, Statkraft and RWE. Is there scope for community involvement in offshore wind? The IWEA says that from the early stages of a project, the wind farm developer "should be engaging with the local community to inform them about the project, answer their questions and listen to their concerns". It says this provides the community with "the opportunity to work with the developer to help shape the final layout and design of the project". Listening to fishing industry concerns, and how fishermen may be affected by survey works, construction and eventual operation of a project is "of particular concern to developers", the IWEA says. It says there will also be a community benefit fund put in place for each project. It says the final details of this will be addressed in the design of the RESS (see below) for offshore wind but it has the potential to be "tens of millions of euro over the 15 years of the RESS contract". The Government is also considering the possibility that communities will be enabled to invest in offshore wind farms though there is "no clarity yet on how this would work", the IWEA says.

Based on current plans, it would amount to around 12 GW of offshore wind energy. However, the IWEA points out that is unlikely that all of the projects planned will be completed. The industry says there is even more significant potential for floating offshore wind off Ireland's west coast and the Programme for Government contains a commitment to develop a long-term plan for at least 30 GW of floating offshore wind in our deeper waters.

There are many different models of turbines. The larger a turbine, the more efficient it is in producing electricity at a good price. In choosing a turbine model the developer will be conscious of this ,but also has to be aware the impact of the turbine on the environment, marine life, biodiversity and visual impact. As a broad rule an offshore wind turbine will have a tip-height of between 165m and 215m tall. However, turbine technology is evolving at a rapid rate with larger more efficient turbines anticipated on the market in the coming years.

 

The Renewable Electricity Support Scheme is designed to support the development of renewable energy projects in Ireland. Under the scheme wind farms and solar farms compete against each other in an auction with the projects which offer power at the lowest price awarded contracts. These contracts provide them with a guaranteed price for their power for 15 years. If they obtain a better price for their electricity on the wholesale market they must return the difference to the consumer.

Yes. The first auction for offshore renewable energy projects is expected to take place in late 2021.

Cost is one difference, and technology is another. Floating wind farm technology is relatively new, but allows use of deeper water. Ireland's 50-metre contour line is the limit for traditional bottom-fixed wind farms, and it is also very close to population centres, which makes visibility of large turbines an issue - hence the attraction of floating structures Do offshore wind farms pose a navigational hazard to shipping? Inshore fishermen do have valid concerns. One of the first steps in identifying a site as a potential location for an offshore wind farm is to identify and assess the level of existing marine activity in the area and this particularly includes shipping. The National Marine Planning Framework aims to create, for the first time, a plan to balance the various kinds of offshore activity with the protection of the Irish marine environment. This is expected to be published before the end of 2020, and will set out clearly where is suitable for offshore renewable energy development and where it is not - due, for example, to shipping movements and safe navigation.

YEnvironmental organisations are concerned about the impact of turbines on bird populations, particularly migrating birds. A Danish scientific study published in 2019 found evidence that larger birds were tending to avoid turbine blades, but said it didn't have sufficient evidence for smaller birds – and cautioned that the cumulative effect of farms could still have an impact on bird movements. A full environmental impact assessment has to be carried out before a developer can apply for planning permission to develop an offshore wind farm. This would include desk-based studies as well as extensive surveys of the population and movements of birds and marine mammals, as well as fish and seabed habitats. If a potential environmental impact is identified the developer must, as part of the planning application, show how the project will be designed in such a way as to avoid the impact or to mitigate against it.

A typical 500 MW offshore wind farm would require an operations and maintenance base which would be on the nearby coast. Such a project would generally create between 80-100 fulltime jobs, according to the IWEA. There would also be a substantial increase to in-direct employment and associated socio-economic benefit to the surrounding area where the operation and maintenance hub is located.

The recent Carbon Trust report for the IWEA, entitled Harnessing our potential, identified significant skills shortages for offshore wind in Ireland across the areas of engineering financial services and logistics. The IWEA says that as Ireland is a relatively new entrant to the offshore wind market, there are "opportunities to develop and implement strategies to address the skills shortages for delivering offshore wind and for Ireland to be a net exporter of human capital and skills to the highly competitive global offshore wind supply chain". Offshore wind requires a diverse workforce with jobs in both transferable (for example from the oil and gas sector) and specialist disciplines across apprenticeships and higher education. IWEA have a training network called the Green Tech Skillnet that facilitates training and networking opportunities in the renewable energy sector.

It is expected that developing the 3.5 GW of offshore wind energy identified in the Government's Climate Action Plan would create around 2,500 jobs in construction and development and around 700 permanent operations and maintenance jobs. The Programme for Government published in 2020 has an enhanced target of 5 GW of offshore wind which would create even more employment. The industry says that in the initial stages, the development of offshore wind energy would create employment in conducting environmental surveys, community engagement and development applications for planning. As a site moves to construction, people with backgrounds in various types of engineering, marine construction and marine transport would be recruited. Once the site is up and running , a project requires a team of turbine technicians, engineers and administrators to ensure the wind farm is fully and properly maintained, as well as crew for the crew transfer vessels transporting workers from shore to the turbines.

The IEA says that today's offshore wind market "doesn't even come close to tapping the full potential – with high-quality resources available in most major markets". It estimates that offshore wind has the potential to generate more than 420 000 Terawatt hours per year (TWh/yr) worldwide – as in more than 18 times the current global electricity demand. One Terawatt is 114 megawatts, and to put it in context, Scotland it has a population a little over 5 million and requires 25 TWh/yr of electrical energy.

Not as advanced as wind, with anchoring a big challenge – given that the most effective wave energy has to be in the most energetic locations, such as the Irish west coast. Britain, Ireland and Portugal are regarded as most advanced in developing wave energy technology. The prize is significant, the industry says, as there are forecasts that varying between 4000TWh/yr to 29500TWh/yr. Europe consumes around 3000TWh/year.

The industry has two main umbrella organisations – the Irish Wind Energy Association, which represents both onshore and offshore wind, and the Marine Renewables Industry Association, which focuses on all types of renewable in the marine environment.

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