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Green Rebel, an Irish offshore survey company, has announced the addition of a 56-metre multi-purpose vessel to its growing fleet. The company, headquartered in Cork Harbour, has signed a long-term hire agreement with Glomar Offshore for the Glomar Vantage, which will be equipped with a full suite of survey equipment, including a multibeam echosounder, a side scan sonar, a sub-bottom profiler, and a magnetometer.

The new vessel will be involved in multiple projects, including upcoming geophysical and geotechnical survey works in the North Sea and Irish Sea. Green Rebel’s existing fleet includes the Roman Rebel and Lady Kathleen.

The Glomar Vantage's size means it brings additional capabilities. The ship also has 27 accommodation berths, a gym, and a relaxation/games room on board. Kieran Ivers, CEO of Green Rebel, said, “We’re delighted to take on the Glomar Vantage as we continue to expand our fleet and offering. We have seen significant growth in our business over the past number of years and we are committed to working closely with our clients to provide the best-in-class data."

The Glomar Vantage, a 56-metre multi-purpose vessel is a new addition to the Green Rebel fleetThe Glomar Vantage, a 56-metre multi-purpose vessel is a new addition to the Green Rebel fleet

Green Rebel provides the offshore wind and other sectors with an end-to-end set of data services that extend from acquisition, processing, interpretations, and reporting, with their fleet of purpose-built vessels, floating LiDAR buoys, and in-house team of scientists and industry experts.

The company has several live and upcoming projects in Ireland, Scotland, and off the coast of mainland Europe. It also has a number of potential projects in international markets such as the United States and Australia. A dedicated survey team will be on board mapping large areas of the Irish Sea and North Sea as part of a major project. There will be 24 team members on board, each rotation made up of 8 survey crew, a Marine Mammal Observer, a client rep, and 14 vessel crew.

The addition of the Glomar Vantage to Green Rebel’s fleet highlights the company’s commitment to providing top-quality data services for the offshore sector. With a growing presence in both local and international markets, Green Rebel is poised to continue its success in the years to come.

Published in Power From the Sea
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The Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment, Simon Coveney TD, visited Irish offshore company Green Rebel’s Limerick base as the company announced its first major expansion outside of Cork.

Green Rebel provides a full range of survey and data services to the offshore renewable energy (ORE) industry and is actively recruiting for 25 highly-skilled positions. Based on current projections, it is expected that the company will need an additional 50 people over the next two years to meet demand for its services. This will bring the total number of new jobs to 75.

The new jobs include oceanographers, geophysicists, data scientists, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, survey vessel crew, technicians and project leads. The positions are based in Limerick, Cork and on board Green Rebel’s survey vessels.

The company was established by Irish entrepreneur Pearse Flynn in 2020 and specialises in acquiring, processing and analysing marine, aerial and met-ocean data using survey boats and aircraft as well as LiDAR buoys and innovative technologies that are designed and assembled in Limerick. Green Rebel has live and upcoming projects in Ireland, Scotland and off the coast of mainland Europe. There are also a number of potential projects in international markets such as the United States and Australia.

Minister Simon Coveney said, “The triple benefits of offshore wind are energy security, decarbonisation and economic growth. We need to utilise all of the talents that Ireland has to offer to make the most of this opportunity. Green Rebel has deployed high level engineering and instrumentation to design and manufacture essential technologies for the offshore wind sector. Already we’re seeing the opportunities internationally with Green Rebel’s technologies being used by a number of tier-one ORE developers in this field. In the decades to come we will see tens of thousands of Irish jobs in the offshore wind sector. Green Rebel is beating down a path for other Irish supply chain companies to follow and is building confidence in this sector.”

Kieran Ivers, CEO of Green Rebel added, “This jobs announcement is a reflection of the progress we’ve made in developing world-class services that will inform offshore wind farm developments in Ireland and abroad. Green Rebel is competing on a global scale. We've built fast to enter new markets in the UK and mainland Europe with our sights firmly focused on offering our services across other global markets. Our experience is that the talent is here and we want to ensure the economic value is created and stays in Ireland.”

Green Rebel’s MetOcean division is located in Limerick. The company’s floating LiDAR Buoy is designed and assembled on site, with the platform proven to deliver the investment grade data required to fund offshore wind development. The buoy has been designed to offer more power, more buoyancy and more reliable data. The buoys are as tall as a two-storey house and weigh as much as 11 family cars, they operate autonomously at sea and use lidar technology to profile the speed of winds at heights of up to 300m. The buoys also deliver data on waves, ocean currents and water quality which is analysed and interpreted by the team of data specialists in Limerick.

Mark Christal, Manager Food and Sustainability at Enterprise Ireland said, “Enterprise Ireland has been proud to work with the team at Green Rebel as they build a global brand in the vital offshore wind sector. Green Rebel’s innovative technology and talented team are playing a leading role in the development of the green energy sector and we look forward to working with the company as it implements its ambitious growth strategy. Today’s announcement underlines the potential that exists for Irish companies in supplying the sustainable energy sector and it’s an area that Enterprise Ireland is increasingly active in.”

Ciaran Sheehan, Green Rebel Head of People and Culture said, “Green Rebel is very much focused on employee experience and in attracting, retaining and rewarding the best talent. Our focus is investing in and introducing initiatives to support our people. Our innovative ‘Energised and Effective Teams’ programme is backed by science and is designed to enable managers to maximise the energy within their teams. It looks at areas like rest and diet to maximise each person’s performance whether they’re working from home, in the office, offshore on a buoy, or working for several weeks at a time on board our survey vessels.”

Green Rebel operates a fleet of vessels and aircraft to map vast areas of the ocean. It has a team of scientists, chemists, engineers, ecologists, vessel crew and support staff across multiple locations in Cork and Limerick. Green Rebel provides the offshore wind and other sectors an end-to-end set of data services that extend from acquisition, processing, interpretations and reporting, with their fleet of purpose-built vessels, aircraft, floating LiDAR buoys and in-house team of scientists and industry experts.

Published in Power From the Sea
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Green Rebel, an offshore survey company based in Cork Harbour, has recently been named one of Ireland's top 10 emerging companies by LinkedIn. The company, which was founded in March 2021, is actively seeking Geophysical Data Processors, Data Software Engineers, and Offshore Geophysical Professionals to join its team. Green Rebel uses a fleet of vessels, buoys, and aircraft to gather data needed for offshore wind farms and undersea cable installations.

LinkedIn, a business and employment-focused social media platform, annually identifies 10 companies that are rapidly growing and recruiting top talent. The LinkedIn Top Startups 2023 list is determined using exclusive data and editorial experience of its News Europe team to identify companies that have trail-blazed their way through recent economic and workplace challenges.

The company has a team of scientists, chemists, engineers, ecologists, vessel crew, and support staff across multiple locations in Cork and Limerick. It provides offshore wind and other sectors with a comprehensive set of data services that extends from acquisition, processing, interpretations, and reporting, with its fleet of purpose-built vessels, aircraft, floating LiDAR buoys, and in-house team of scientists and industry experts.

To compile the list, LinkedIn analyses each company across the four pillars of employment growth, engagement with the company and its current employees, job interest, and attraction of top talent. Green Rebel's CEO, Kieran Ivers, expressed his delight at being recognised as one of the top 10 startups in Ireland by LinkedIn. He said, “We’ve used the platform since our inception to increase our profile, build our employer brand and attract some of Ireland’s foremost experts in the sector. Our team has vast skill and experience and is determined to deliver excellence as standard for our clients."

Ivers also acknowledged that recruitment remains a challenge in the sector. However, Green Rebel has introduced an 'Energised and Effective Teams' programme that has been pivotal in attracting and retaining top talent. The programme has introduced a 9-Day Fortnight and utilises proven time-management techniques and flexible working arrangements to support team members.

Published in Power From the Sea
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Irish offshore survey company Green Rebel has been recognised by Certification Europe for reaching global standards for quality and environmental management.

The Cork-based company runs a fleet of vessels, buoys and aircraft used for research data for offshore wind farm construction. It says it secured the new international certification within two years of starting operations.

The company says it went through a multi-stage assessment process to secure all four certificates. The certificates are valid for three years and will be subject to mandatory audits to ensure compliance.

Kieran Ivers, CEO of Green Rebel said that “offshore wind has the potential to deliver vast amounts of renewable energy and help us to build a cleaner future”.

“However, for Ireland to compete globally it’s necessary for Irish organisations to reach the required international standards. There is a high bar for companies to do business in the offshore industry, and rightly so,”he said.

“Having this certification will allow us to tender for an increased number of valuable tenders and it is especially rewarding to achieve this within such a short space of time. It illustrates once again the vast skill and experience of the dedicated Green Rebel team. Reaching these industry standards reflects the high standards we set for ourselves every day, in our determination to deliver excellence for our clients.”

Green Rebel has a number of ISO certifications, and has ateam of scientists, chemists, engineers, ecologists, vessel crew and business practitioners across multiple locations in Cork and Limerick.

It provides the offshore wind and other sectors an “end-to-end set of data services that extend from acquisition, processing, interpretations and reporting, with their fleet of purpose-built vessels, aircraft, floating LiDAR buoys and in-house team of scientists and industry experts”.

Published in Power From the Sea
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A floating offshore wind farm project off the east coast of Scotland has reached a major milestone with the deployment of technology to collect data about wind speeds, wave heights, and ocean currents at the proposed site. Green Rebel, a Cork and Limerick-based offshore survey service company, has successfully deployed its Floating LiDAR system, which will remain in place for 12-months.

Muir Mhòr is a joint venture between Fred. Olsen Seawind and Vattenfall are located in the North Sea, 70 km off the coast of Aberdeen. The floating wind farm is on track to be operational by 2030, subject to planning and grid infrastructure provision.

Green Rebel was awarded the tender to carry out the MetOcean survey, signing the contracts in November and deploying its technology in February. The commencement of the survey is a key milestone for the Muir Mhòr project, and the data collected will be used as part of the energy yield analysis and for the engineering design of the wind turbine array. 

The deployment of the Floating LiDAR and metocean instrumentation package is a big step forward for the Muir Mhòr Offshore Wind Farm projectThe deployment of the Floating LiDAR and metocean instrumentation package is described as a big step forward for the Muir Mhòr Offshore Wind Farm project

The Floating LiDAR Buoy is designed to operate autonomously at sea and uses laser technology to profile the speed of winds at heights of up to 300m. It also delivers data on waves, ocean currents and water quality. The data captured is sent back to shore, where a team of specialists can interpret it at Green Rebel’s dedicated MetOcean base in Limerick.

The total height of the assembled buoy is the same as a two-storey house and weighs as much as 11 family cars. It is currently operating in a part of the North Sea that is more than 70 metres in depth. The buoy weighs 15 tonnes and extends to 12 metres in height. Teams installed over 700 metres of mooring lines, the equivalent of four GAA pitches.

David Hinshelwood, Project Director for Muir Mhòr Offshore Wind Farm said: “The deployment of the Floating LiDAR and metocean instrumentation package is a big step forward for the Muir Mhòr Offshore Wind Farm project and we are pleased to be working with the offshore survey service innovators Green Rebel to mark this major milestone. This technology will gather a valuable dataset which will allow our project team to better understand the combined effect of winds, waves, currents and water quality - which has critical input in turn for the design of foundations, mooring systems and cables as well as planning and operational activities for various project phases. This milestone underlines our commitment to delivering a highly innovative offshore wind project which is on schedule to generate electricity in 2030 – putting the UK on track to meet its target of 5GW of floating wind by 2030.” 

Green Rebel Technical Director, John Wallace said: “We were delighted to partner with Fred. Olsen Seawind and Vattenfall on this project. Floating LiDAR systems are typically deployed during the summer months so deployment in the winter at these latitudes was a challenge that the Green Rebel team relished. Short weather windows and large waves at this time of year meant that towing a floating LiDAR solution was problematic and instead, we deployed the equipment directly off the back deck of our vessel using cranes.”

The Green Rebel Floating LiDAR is one of a small number of solutions certified for this type of project and is the culmination of many years of experience. The solution is purpose-built for this type of LiDAR data collection in the harshest of locations and has more redundancy, more buoyancy and more power than any other solution in the market.

Published in Power From the Sea
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An Irish data company that provides site investigation services to the offshore wind sector has been recognised at the Irish Wind Industry Awards. Green Rebel was shortlisted in two categories and was named as winner of both at a gala event in Co. Kildare.

The awards were established by Wind Energy Ireland to showcase the best in the industry and to honour the individuals, organisations and companies who are demonstrating excellence and shaping the future of renewable energy in Ireland. Green Rebel received awards for Excellence in Project Delivery and the New Market Entrant award.

The Excellence in Project Delivery trophy was awarded to Green Rebel for the geophysical survey work it carried out on Energia Renewables’ North Celtic Sea offshore wind site. This work is a vital step in offshore wind developments, informing important site selection and engineering decisions. The Roman Rebel survey vessel operated 24-hours a day, over a number of weeks, with a team of surveyors, geo-scientists, crew, fishery liaison officer and marine mammal observer on board. Its onshore processing team then carried out the processing, interpretation, analysis and reporting of the data which gave context to the conditions of the seabed at the site.

The organisation’s win for the New Market Entrant award is a reflection of Green Rebel’s significant growth and success as an innovative Irish company. The company was established by Cork entrepreneur Pearse Flynn in 2020 when he learned about the extent of investment from offshore wind developers looking into Irish sites that was forecast to be directed outside of Ireland. Green Rebel began as a team of three people and today employs more than 80 people across its Geo, Aerial and MetOcean divisions. It has offices in Cork city, Crosshaven, Cork Airport and Limerick.

Green Rebel CEO, Kieran Ivers said, “We were thrilled to win two out of the nine categories at the Irish Wind Industry Awards. This is a reflection of what we are building here at Green Rebel and recognition of our outstanding team, who are consistently commended for their work by our stakeholders and demonstrate our value of Excellence as Standard. At the event, the judges commented on the significance of an Irish Supply Chain Company working with an Irish Developer to drive Ireland's ambition. As a proud Irish company advocating for the development of an indigenous offshore renewable energy supply chain, this was meaningful to us and shows that we are meeting and often exceeding our goals. It was clear to them that Green Rebel is a vibrant, ambitious and 'now' established industry player, put simply, doing great work. In the space of just over two years, we have grown significantly and have delivered multiple successful projects for offshore wind developers. The offshore renewable energy sector has the potential to create jobs and revitalise towns and villages. We believe that Ireland can be at the front of the global green energy industry ensuring that much needed talent is kept locally.”

Nominees for the Irish Wind Industry Awards were put forward by Wind Energy Ireland members and non-members. The winners were selected by an independent judging panel.

Some of Green Rebel’s significant projects to date include geophysical surveys for Energia’s North Celtic Sea Project and SSE’s Arklow Bank Wind Farm project, numerous Aerial Ecology surveys and its floating LiDAR system off the coast of Scotland.

Published in Power From the Sea
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A Cork-based data company providing site investigation services to the offshore wind sector has welcomed moves to expedite the planning process for developments in Ireland. However, Green Rebel says there would be further opportunities for Ireland if the government learned from the Netherlands and coordinated all site studies for offshore developments. 

Green Rebel has also called for early involvement and input from fisheries and other marine stakeholders regarding offshore wind developments and the creation of designated wind farm zones.

The Cabinet is expected to approve the Planning and Development Bill when it meets today. The bill, which is set to be published in January, will place strict time limits for judicial reviews in a bid to avoid lengthy legal delays to construction projects. It will also allow for the creation of a Planning and Environmental Court to speed up decisions.

The Netherlands Enterprise Agency assesses designated wind farm zones as part of efforts to attract energy companies to build wind farms in their waters. The Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management then determines the conditions under which an operator can build and exploit a wind resource, including the ecological regulations and impact on other users.

Green Rebel was recently invited to the Netherlands by their national enterprise agency along with twenty other country representatives to learn about the Dutch approach.

Kieran Ivers, CEO of Green Rebel said, “The new Planning and Development Bill recognises the need to accelerate the planning process and is very much welcome as we all strive to move away from our dependence on fossil fuels. In order to speed up the process further, I would like to see the Dutch approach adopted in Ireland and for the assessment of wind farm zones to be carried out by government-appointed companies. This includes acquiring general information, details of unexploded ordinances and archaeology as well as the geophysical, geotechnical and meteorological and ocean surveys. All of this data will then be owned by the state. It’s vital too that fishers and other marine users are at the table especially if designated zones are created for wind development. We believe that the input of all stakeholders will lead to much better outcomes for everyone.” 

Kieran Ivers, CEO of Green RebelKieran Ivers, CEO of Green Rebel

Kieran Ivers added, “The Dutch approach to de-risking the application process for developers has the additional benefits of considering the national wind resource as a whole. This enables the Netherlands to determine how best to develop the accompanying infrastructure such as the electrical grid to bring the energy from turbines to shore, or the port development needed to service such developments. Ireland doesn’t need to re-invent the best approach to how we understand our national wind assets; of course the solution for a windy island on the coast of Europe is different, but the European policy context is similar as are the players in this sector. They would get confidence from a regime that they’re familiar with.”

Green Rebel is headquartered in Cork and has a team of over 80 scientists, chemists, engineers, ecologists, vessel crew and business practitioners across multiple locations in Cork and Limerick. It offers offshore wind developers an end-to-end set of data services that extend from acquisition, processing, interpretations and reporting, with their fleet of purpose-built vessels, aircraft, floating LiDAR buoys and in-house team of scientists and industry experts.

Published in Marine Planning
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Ireland's Pat Lawless sailing Green Rebel in the Golden Globe Race is on his way to Cape Town, the last call before the Southern Ocean, battling High-Pressure Systems and barnacles.

Cape Town is a traditional fixture in round-the-world sailing and the last port of call for sailors to assess their condition and their boat before venturing into the Indian Ocean. With the strong winds, swell and lack of shelter in the South, once you turn left, there is no turning back.

See live tracker below

Lawless has chosen to round the high through the southern route, and pundits say it is a bold move as it adds many miles to the route with no guarantee that the wind will hold, the high will travel north, and that there will be a way to cross towards the South African coastline.

1000 miles a week club

Lawless is among the top nine boats in the 13-boat fleet that are averaging 1000 miles a week; that is just below six knots average and an easy way to look at the finish of the 30,000 miles round the world race.

Gooseneck barnacles

Among the problems the fleet faces now is dealing with dreaded gooseneck barnacles attaching to the hull.

They were first spotted by Jeremy Bagshaw (RSA) and Damien Guillou (FRA) after cutting through the Cape Verde Islands, and later by Tapio Lehtinen (FIN) haunted by his 2018 experience, who overcame his fear of sharks and went overboard to clean his hull, removing around 60 of them.

 Guy Waites (UK), one of the best-prepared sailors, was unable to remove them at sea with a scrapper and announced to Race Control he was diverting towards Latin America to clean his hull. It was a shock among the skippers and a wake-up call for all.

Since then, Lawless and Ertan Beskardes (UK) have discovered some and all sailors are diving at the first opportunity for hull cleaning before reaching the colder waters of the Southern Oceans.

See live tracker below

Published in Golden Globe Race

Ireland's Offshore Renewable Energy

Because of Ireland's location at the Atlantic edge of the EU, it has more offshore energy potential than most other countries in Europe. The conditions are suitable for the development of the full range of current offshore renewable energy technologies.

Offshore Renewable Energy FAQs

Offshore renewable energy draws on the natural energy provided by wind, wave and tide to convert it into electricity for industry and domestic consumption.

Offshore wind is the most advanced technology, using fixed wind turbines in coastal areas, while floating wind is a developing technology more suited to deeper water. In 2018, offshore wind provided a tiny fraction of global electricity supply, but it is set to expand strongly in the coming decades into a USD 1 trillion business, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA). It says that turbines are growing in size and in power capacity, which in turn is "delivering major performance and cost improvements for offshore wind farms".

The global offshore wind market grew nearly 30% per year between 2010 and 2018, according to the IEA, due to rapid technology improvements, It calculated that about 150 new offshore wind projects are in active development around the world. Europe in particular has fostered the technology's development, led by Britain, Germany and Denmark, but China added more capacity than any other country in 2018.

A report for the Irish Wind Energy Assocation (IWEA) by the Carbon Trust – a British government-backed limited company established to accelerate Britain's move to a low carbon economy - says there are currently 14 fixed-bottom wind energy projects, four floating wind projects and one project that has yet to choose a technology at some stage of development in Irish waters. Some of these projects are aiming to build before 2030 to contribute to the 5GW target set by the Irish government, and others are expected to build after 2030. These projects have to secure planning permission, obtain a grid connection and also be successful in a competitive auction in the Renewable Electricity Support Scheme (RESS).

The electricity generated by each turbine is collected by an offshore electricity substation located within the wind farm. Seabed cables connect the offshore substation to an onshore substation on the coast. These cables transport the electricity to land from where it will be used to power homes, farms and businesses around Ireland. The offshore developer works with EirGrid, which operates the national grid, to identify how best to do this and where exactly on the grid the project should connect.

The new Marine Planning and Development Management Bill will create a new streamlined system for planning permission for activity or infrastructure in Irish waters or on the seabed, including offshore wind farms. It is due to be published before the end of 2020 and enacted in 2021.

There are a number of companies aiming to develop offshore wind energy off the Irish coast and some of the larger ones would be ESB, SSE Renewables, Energia, Statkraft and RWE.

There are a number of companies aiming to develop offshore wind energy off the Irish coast and some of the larger ones would be ESB, SSE Renewables, Energia, Statkraft and RWE. Is there scope for community involvement in offshore wind? The IWEA says that from the early stages of a project, the wind farm developer "should be engaging with the local community to inform them about the project, answer their questions and listen to their concerns". It says this provides the community with "the opportunity to work with the developer to help shape the final layout and design of the project". Listening to fishing industry concerns, and how fishermen may be affected by survey works, construction and eventual operation of a project is "of particular concern to developers", the IWEA says. It says there will also be a community benefit fund put in place for each project. It says the final details of this will be addressed in the design of the RESS (see below) for offshore wind but it has the potential to be "tens of millions of euro over the 15 years of the RESS contract". The Government is also considering the possibility that communities will be enabled to invest in offshore wind farms though there is "no clarity yet on how this would work", the IWEA says.

Based on current plans, it would amount to around 12 GW of offshore wind energy. However, the IWEA points out that is unlikely that all of the projects planned will be completed. The industry says there is even more significant potential for floating offshore wind off Ireland's west coast and the Programme for Government contains a commitment to develop a long-term plan for at least 30 GW of floating offshore wind in our deeper waters.

There are many different models of turbines. The larger a turbine, the more efficient it is in producing electricity at a good price. In choosing a turbine model the developer will be conscious of this ,but also has to be aware the impact of the turbine on the environment, marine life, biodiversity and visual impact. As a broad rule an offshore wind turbine will have a tip-height of between 165m and 215m tall. However, turbine technology is evolving at a rapid rate with larger more efficient turbines anticipated on the market in the coming years.

 

The Renewable Electricity Support Scheme is designed to support the development of renewable energy projects in Ireland. Under the scheme wind farms and solar farms compete against each other in an auction with the projects which offer power at the lowest price awarded contracts. These contracts provide them with a guaranteed price for their power for 15 years. If they obtain a better price for their electricity on the wholesale market they must return the difference to the consumer.

Yes. The first auction for offshore renewable energy projects is expected to take place in late 2021.

Cost is one difference, and technology is another. Floating wind farm technology is relatively new, but allows use of deeper water. Ireland's 50-metre contour line is the limit for traditional bottom-fixed wind farms, and it is also very close to population centres, which makes visibility of large turbines an issue - hence the attraction of floating structures Do offshore wind farms pose a navigational hazard to shipping? Inshore fishermen do have valid concerns. One of the first steps in identifying a site as a potential location for an offshore wind farm is to identify and assess the level of existing marine activity in the area and this particularly includes shipping. The National Marine Planning Framework aims to create, for the first time, a plan to balance the various kinds of offshore activity with the protection of the Irish marine environment. This is expected to be published before the end of 2020, and will set out clearly where is suitable for offshore renewable energy development and where it is not - due, for example, to shipping movements and safe navigation.

YEnvironmental organisations are concerned about the impact of turbines on bird populations, particularly migrating birds. A Danish scientific study published in 2019 found evidence that larger birds were tending to avoid turbine blades, but said it didn't have sufficient evidence for smaller birds – and cautioned that the cumulative effect of farms could still have an impact on bird movements. A full environmental impact assessment has to be carried out before a developer can apply for planning permission to develop an offshore wind farm. This would include desk-based studies as well as extensive surveys of the population and movements of birds and marine mammals, as well as fish and seabed habitats. If a potential environmental impact is identified the developer must, as part of the planning application, show how the project will be designed in such a way as to avoid the impact or to mitigate against it.

A typical 500 MW offshore wind farm would require an operations and maintenance base which would be on the nearby coast. Such a project would generally create between 80-100 fulltime jobs, according to the IWEA. There would also be a substantial increase to in-direct employment and associated socio-economic benefit to the surrounding area where the operation and maintenance hub is located.

The recent Carbon Trust report for the IWEA, entitled Harnessing our potential, identified significant skills shortages for offshore wind in Ireland across the areas of engineering financial services and logistics. The IWEA says that as Ireland is a relatively new entrant to the offshore wind market, there are "opportunities to develop and implement strategies to address the skills shortages for delivering offshore wind and for Ireland to be a net exporter of human capital and skills to the highly competitive global offshore wind supply chain". Offshore wind requires a diverse workforce with jobs in both transferable (for example from the oil and gas sector) and specialist disciplines across apprenticeships and higher education. IWEA have a training network called the Green Tech Skillnet that facilitates training and networking opportunities in the renewable energy sector.

It is expected that developing the 3.5 GW of offshore wind energy identified in the Government's Climate Action Plan would create around 2,500 jobs in construction and development and around 700 permanent operations and maintenance jobs. The Programme for Government published in 2020 has an enhanced target of 5 GW of offshore wind which would create even more employment. The industry says that in the initial stages, the development of offshore wind energy would create employment in conducting environmental surveys, community engagement and development applications for planning. As a site moves to construction, people with backgrounds in various types of engineering, marine construction and marine transport would be recruited. Once the site is up and running , a project requires a team of turbine technicians, engineers and administrators to ensure the wind farm is fully and properly maintained, as well as crew for the crew transfer vessels transporting workers from shore to the turbines.

The IEA says that today's offshore wind market "doesn't even come close to tapping the full potential – with high-quality resources available in most major markets". It estimates that offshore wind has the potential to generate more than 420 000 Terawatt hours per year (TWh/yr) worldwide – as in more than 18 times the current global electricity demand. One Terawatt is 114 megawatts, and to put it in context, Scotland it has a population a little over 5 million and requires 25 TWh/yr of electrical energy.

Not as advanced as wind, with anchoring a big challenge – given that the most effective wave energy has to be in the most energetic locations, such as the Irish west coast. Britain, Ireland and Portugal are regarded as most advanced in developing wave energy technology. The prize is significant, the industry says, as there are forecasts that varying between 4000TWh/yr to 29500TWh/yr. Europe consumes around 3000TWh/year.

The industry has two main umbrella organisations – the Irish Wind Energy Association, which represents both onshore and offshore wind, and the Marine Renewables Industry Association, which focuses on all types of renewable in the marine environment.

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