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Three Jeanneau Sunfast 3600s are among the nine-boat fleet that will contest Saturday's 24-mile ISORA coastal race along the Dublin and Wicklow coastline.

With an eye on current light wind forecasts, race organisers have stated the course may be shortened off Bray in County Wicklow.

This race is the 11th Race in the Musto ISORA 2022 series and also the third race of the Viking Marine Coastal Series.

John O'Gorman's 3600 Hot Cookie and Pete Smyth's Searcher, both from the National Yacht Club, will be joined by Royal St. George Yacht Club's Yoyo (Brendan Coghlan).

Also racing is Howth Yacht Club ICRA coastal champion 2022, Robert Rendell's Grand Soleil 44, Samatom. 

The forecast is for northerly winds of six knots at 0955 start time with the hope of a sea breeze later

Entries for the 11th race in the Musto ISORA 2022 series and also the third race of the Viking Marine Coastal SeriesEntries for the 11th race in the Musto ISORA 2022 series and also the third race of the Viking Marine Coastal Series

The course will be at ISORA's usual Dun Laoghaire start line at Dun Laoghaire Outfall Buoy and then to: 

  • ISORA Dublin Virtual (P) N53 17.110 W6 00.100
  • North Kish (S) 53 18.560N 5 56.423W
  • East Kish (S) 53 14.343N 5 53.595W
  • Bray Outfall (S) 53 13.254N 6 4.485W
  • Muglins (P) 53 16.515N 6 4.550W
  • Usual Dun Laoghaire Finish between the pier heads. 53 18.145N 6 7.619W

The course for the 11th race in the Musto ISORA 2022 series and also the third race of the Viking Marine Coastal SeriesThe course for the 11th race in the Musto ISORA 2022 series and also the third race of the Viking Marine Coastal Series

The time limit is 17.00

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IRC Class 0 J125 entry Jackknife skippered by Andrew Hall of Pwllheli Sailing Club was the winner of ISORA's 120-mile Race Ten from Dun Laoghaire to Pwllheli on Saturday.

The race was won in an IRC corrected time of 14 hours 35 minutes and one second.

The Class Zero entry beat classmate Nigel Ingram's Farr 30 Wild Haggis for the top spot in the nine-boat fleet. 

Third was Howth Yacht Club's Robert Rendell in the Grand Soleil 44, Samatom.

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The successful Welsh J109 Mojito (Vicky Cox and Peter Dunlop) that was crowned K2Q and Cork Week Coastal Class Champion earlier this month on the south coast returns to the east coast of Ireland for the last offshore fixture of July as the favourite in ISORA's for Saturday's ISORA cross-channel race from Dun Laoghaire to Pwllheli in North Wales.

Up to 11 starters from a pool of 21, including and six from Wales, are expected for Race No. 10 in the Musto ISORA 2022 Series and ISORA's sixth offshore race.

Royal St. George Swan 60, Lee Overlay Partners is expected to make her ISORA debut and the Northern Ireland yacht Excession from Belfast Lough is also slated to compete.

Samatom, the Grand Soleil 44, owned By Bob Rendell from Howth is racing to PwllheliSamatom, the Grand Soleil 44, owned By Bob Rendell from Howth is racing to Pwllheli

From 0800 hours, starting from Dun Laoghaire Harbour the fleet will sail to South Arklow to finish off Pwllheli. 

The course is approximately 120 miles long.

The course is as follows: STARTING LINE at Dun Laoghaire, Muglins Island (S) ISORA Dublin Bay Virtual Mark N53o17.110 W6o00.100 (P), South Arklow Cardinal Buoy N52o40.234’ W 5o58.767’(P) FINISH LINE – at Pwllheli 

Winds are forecast to be westerly at 10 knots with gusts up to 16  at start time.

Entrants for Race No. 10 in the Musto ISORA 2022 SeriesEntrants for Race No. 10 in the Musto ISORA 2022 Series

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Kinsale Yacht Club's second offshore race of the season indicates a south coast demand for this type of racing. Still, the absence of any Cork boats on July's K2Q 260 race course means organisers look set to alter the timing of future editions of the Dun Laoghaire to Cork Race.

The gun for Kinsale's next race will fire on August 19th for an All-In race around the Fastnet Rock. It's another offshore fixture that ISORA chief Peter Ryan says proves 'there is interest in offshore racing'.

Ryan has been in the vanguard of an offshore revival on the east coast over recent seasons bringing together Dublin and Welsh crews for cross-channel racing and local coastal races. 

Ryan, as one of the K2Q race organisers, accepts that the timing of the July 1 K2Q race (with both 160 and 260-mile course options) was too close to June's Round Ireland Race, but he also says it 'went well' for its first staging. 

As regular Afloat readers know, the K2Q is a Dun Laoghaire to Cork Race. Its staging was a collaboration between the Munster-based SCORA and the Irish Sea ISORA offshore racing associations.

As previously reported, the K2Q was a replay of the first recorded Irish offshore race of 1860.

It was won by Welsh J109, Mojito (Vicky Cox and Peter Dunlop), while the 160-mile course was won by Royal Cork yacht Grand Soleil 40, Nieulargo (Denis and Annamarie Murphy). 

2022 K2Q (160 mile) race winner - Grand Soleil 40 Nieulargo 2022 K2Q (160 miles) race winner - Grand Soleil 40 Nieulargo Photo: Afloat

Denis and Annamarie Murphy win the McGovern trophy for the K2Q Race 160 mile course Photo: Bob BatemanDenis and Annamarie Murphy win the McGovern trophy for the K2Q Race 160 mile course Photo: Bob Bateman

There were 26 entries in the race but only 13 starters. Only four completed the Fastnet long course.

There were no Cork boats in the four-boat race, and three of the four ISORA boats competing were from Wales.

2022 K2Q (260 mile) race winner - J109 Mojito2022 K2Q (260 mile) race winner - J109 Mojito Photo: Afloat

K2Q winners - In 1860, It is reported that the race's winner was paid a £15 at the time, and all competing boats got a bursary of 10/6 each. The first race winner was a Schooner Kingfisher owned by Cooper Penrose Esq. The race was held on July 14th 1860, with sixteen boats racing. In 2022, Mojito was awarded the first prize of a cheque for €15 mounted and framed and a Trophy provided by the Royal Cork Yacht Club, the oldest yacht club in the world. Photo: Bob BatemanK2Q winners - In 1860, It is reported that the race's winner was paid a £15 at the time, and all competing boats got a bursary of 10/6 each. The first race winner was a Schooner Kingfisher owned by Cooper Penrose Esq. The race was held on July 14th 1860, with sixteen boats racing. In 2022, Mojito was awarded the first prize of a cheque for €15 mounted and framed and a Trophy provided by the Royal Cork Yacht Club, the oldest yacht club in the world. Photo: Bob Bateman

Speaking to Afloat, Mojito Co-skipper Vicky Cox said, "the race was a real tough one for the crew, both physically leading to the rock and mentally coming away from it."

ISORA Chief Peter Ryan, who set up the race with SCORA's Daragh Connolly, told Afloat, "It’s a great format - dual courses. It could be an annual event but definitely a biennial one. If biennial, it needs to be later, possibly mid-August. 

ISORA and SCORA are to sit down to review the race, discuss other co-operations and set a date for a future edition.

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Just as the 2022 Round Ireland Race concludes at the end of June, a new Irish biennial offshore racing fixture between Dublin and Cork has launched with a start in five days' time, and a 'novel set up' to provide two races in one.

The long-established Dun Laoghaire to Cork offshore race – reintroduced in Covid as the 'Fastnet 450' in 2020 – has been further developed as the 'Kingstown to Queenstown Race' or 'K2Q' race.

The Dublin-Cork promoters say it will facilitate all offshore sailors by providing a medium-length offshore race and a long offshore race by having two races in one, with all boats completing the shorter race.

The new race echoes the first-ever ocean yacht race on Irish waters in 1860 held from Kingstown (now Dun Laoghaire) to Queenstown (now Cobh), a story told here by Afloat's WM Nixon.

Nigel Biggs and Dave Cullen's First 50 Checkmate XX from Howth missed the Round Ireland Race due to COVID but will race the K2QNigel Biggs and Dave Cullen's First 50 Checkmate XX from Howth missed the Round Ireland Race due to COVID but will race the K2Q Photo: Afloat

The race has attracted an initial entry of up to 15, with entry still open for the July 1 fixture. The entrants to date comprise Welsh, Dublin Bay, and Howth boats from the ISORA ranks but also include top Cork Harbour yacht Nieulargo.

ISORA boss Peter Ryan of the National Yacht Club, who has developed the race in conjunction with SCORA's Daragh Connolly and the Royal Cork Yacht Club, says in the following years, the race aims to incorporate a "rally class", too.

The race is aimed to run in alternate years to the popular Dun Laoghaire Dingle or 'D2D race'.

The K2Q will consist of two combined events:

The primary race for the "The Breffni McGovern cup" will be approximately 260 miles, starting in Dun Laoghaire, passing through a virtual gate at the Cork Buoy, rounding the Fastnet Rock and finishing at Roches Point.

The "restricted" race for a still-to-be-announced trophy will start with the primary fleet in Dun Laoghaire but finish at the same virtual finish gate at Cork Buoy – approximately 150 miles.

All boats starting will be included in the "restricted" race. Boats passing through the finish gate at Cork Buoy and continuing to round the Fastnet and finish at Roches Point would also qualify for the primary K2Q event. Yachts can only win prizes in one of the events.

The race for the ISORA points will be the primary race – 260 miles. 

Peter Dunlop and Victoria Cox's champion J109 Mojito from Pwllheli Sailing ClubPeter Dunlop and Victoria Cox's champion J109 Mojito from Pwllheli Sailing Club Photo: Afloat

UK Entrants so far include Nigel Ingram's RORC flagged Farr 30 Wild Haggis, Paul Sutton's Holyhead SC J109, Jaydreamer, Peter Dunlop, and Victoria Cox's champion J109 Mojito from Pwllheli Sailing Club, the Sunfast 3200i of Mark and Jo Thompson Jac y Do from Pwllheli Sailing Club. Andrew Halls' J125 Jackknife is also sailing.

Mark and Jo Thompson's Sunfast 3200i Jac y Do from Pwllheli Sailing ClubMark and Jo Thompson's Sunfast 3200i Jac y Do from Pwllheli Sailing Club Photo: Afloat

Magic Touch will be racing from Ireland Steve Hayes's Beneteau First 34.7 from Bray Sailing Club. George Sisk and Tim Kane's new Reichel/Pugh design "X-Treme 37", WOW is also confirmed.

The customised Mills 36 Prime Suspect is sailing, and so is Joe Conway's Sigma 33 Elandra from the Royal Irish Yacht Club, Elandra.

The customised Mills 36 Prime SuspectThe customised Mills 36 Prime Suspect Photo: Afloat

Nigel Biggs and Dave Cullen's First 50 Checkmate XX will compete from Howth.

Cork yacht of the year, the Grand Soleil 40 Nieulargo (Denis and Annamarie Murphy), John Conlan's Sunfast 37 Humdinger and Noel Coleman's Oyster 37 Blue Oyster will also race.

Noel Coleman's Oyster 37 Blue OysterNoel Coleman's Oyster 37 Blue Oyster Photo: Afloat

Ryan also says some top ISORA performers, such as the J122 Aurelia (Chris Power Smith) and  Robert Rendell's Grand Soleil 44 Samatom, are currently 'maybe but unlikely' to race, given the boats also competed in the 700-mile Round Ireland.

The plan is for both 'K2Q races' to finish at the old RCYC clubhouse on the Cobh seafront, which will require a tweak to the ISORA YB trackers.

The Sirius Arts Centre in Cobh. Originally the 1854-completed Royal Cork YC clubhouse, it was here that the first Dublin Bay to Cork Harbour Race of 1860 finished, and where the new K2Q race will finish this July.The Sirius Arts Centre in Cobh. Originally the 1854-completed Royal Cork YC clubhouse, it was here that the first Dublin Bay to Cork Harbour Race of 1860 finished, and where the new K2Q race will finish this July

This year, the winning boat will be awarded the first prize of a cheque for €15 mounted and framed and a special trophy provided by the Royal Cork Yacht Club, the oldest yacht club in the world.

Download the Notice of Race details below 

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With six days to go to the highlight of the offshore season and the Round Ireland Race, ISORA debutante Checkmate XX emerged as a possible pre-race favourite when she won Saturday's ISORA's 120-mile race 7 off the Dublin and Wicklow coasts.

The Nigel Biggs and Dave Cullen Howth Yacht Club entry was the overall winner by approximately two and half minutes on corrected time, taking line honours and the class zero victory too.

Andrew Hall's J125 Jackknife was second in line honours and IRC Zero. John O'Gorman's Sunfast 3600 Hot Cookie from the National Yacht Club took the IRC 1 gun and was fourth in line honours.

Both Checkmate and Jackknife are entries in the 50-boat Round Ireland fleet.

Andrew Hall's J125 Jackknife from Pwllheli Sailing Club (Above and below) Andrew Hall's J125 Jackknife from Pwllheli Sailing Club powering along at the Dun Laoghaire Harbour start

(Above and below) Andrew Hall's J125 Jackknife from Pwllheli Sailing Club

The 14-hour race took the fleet from Dun Laoghaire and down the coast to India South (just off Wicklow), and then to M2, the Weather buoy which is halfway to Holyhead, then north-west to Dunany. Then a long 30nm leg south to the finish line outside Howth at Rowen Rocks with the first boats home just after 11 30 pm.

ISORA Race Officers Barry MacNeaney (left) and Larry Power of the National Yacht ClubISORA Race Officers Barry MacNeaney (left) and Larry Power of the National Yacht Club Photo: Afloat

The Under 25 Figaro 3 Luzern team (Ronan Mooney)The Under 25 Figaro 3 Luzern team (Ronan Mooney) Photo: Afloat

The race started in strong westerly winds at 0800 with three separate starts for the 14-boat fleet. 

Off the line, it was a little too shy for spinnakers but both the J125 Jackknife (Andrew Hall) and the Under 25 Figaro 3 Luzern team (Ronan Mooney) put code zero sails to good use in the gusty offshore conditions.

Barry O'Donovan's First 44.7 Black Magic from Howth Yacht Club Photo: AfloatBarry O'Donovan's First 44.7 Black Magic from Howth Yacht Club Photo: Afloat

Results are provisional and according to the ISORA race tracker.

 Chris Power Smith's J/122 Aurelia from the Royal St. George Yacht ClubChris Power Smith's J/122 Aurelia from the Royal St. George Yacht Club Photo: Afloat

Jac Y Do, a Sunfast 3200i from Pwllheli Sailing Club sailed double-handed by Mark and Jo Thompson in ISORA IRC Class 2 Photo: Afloat

IRC Class 1 competitor Prime Suspect, a Mills 36 customised skippered by Keith Miller Photo: AfloatIRC Class 1 competitor Prime Suspect, a Mills 36 customised skippered by Keith Miller Photo: Afloat

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Visiting UK ISORA Skippers gathered at the National Yacht Club in Dun Laoghaire on the eve of the offshore association's Race No.7 to make a special presentation to ISORA Chairman Peter Ryan.

The Welsh skippers presented Ryan with an ISORA Chairman's jacket in recognition of his 'hard work and dedication' to offshore racing in the Irish Sea.

As Afloat reported earlier, the seventh race in the 50th anniversary season of ISORA starts on Saturday morning at 8 am off Dun Laoghaire. 

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ISORA's race number seven and the third race offshore fixture takes place on Saturday, 11th June. This is a challenging 120-mile race from Dun Laoghaire Harbour.

21 competitors will be on the three start lines with Class 2 off first at 0800 with six starters, then the seven boats in Class 1 boats at 0830, followed by eight Class 0 boats at 0900hrs.

The Musto 2022 ISORA series has already attracted a strong and competitive fleet with 30 boats entered for the series so far.

The SSIs for the race are published on the ISORA home page here

ISORA race 7 has been set to take the fleet down the coast to India South (just off Wicklow), and then to M2, the Weather buoy which is halfway to Holyhead, then north-west to Dunany. Then a long 30nm leg south to the finish line outside Howth at Rowen Rocks.ISORA race 7 has been set to take the fleet down the coast to India South (just off Wicklow), and then to M2, the Weather buoy which is halfway to Holyhead, then north-west to Dunany. Then a long 30nm leg south to the finish line outside Howth at Rowen Rocks.

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The 50th entry into June's SSE Renewables Round Ireland Yacht Race is the potent Welsh J/125 Jackknife, the weekend winner of ISORA's cross channel race from Dun Laoghaire to Holyhead. 

The Andrew Hall skippered yacht won the line honours, overall and Class Zero prizes in the 60-mile race that drew a strong entry of 20 boats. 

As Afloat's WM Nixon reported recently, the 50 boat fleet reflects a strong international interest in the biennial Irish ocean classic. This latest Pwllheli Sailing Club entry is one of several hotly tipped visiting race teams.

ISORA Race six, the second cross-channel of the season, was considered a critical warmup ahead of June 18th's 700-mile race from Wicklow. The light air race included Round Ireland Race local favourites such as Paul O'Higgins Rockabill VI of the Royal Irish Yacht Club and Chris Power Smith's Aurelia – this month's Inishtearaght Race line honours winner – from the Royal St. George Yacht Club.

After six races sailed, Saturday's result puts Jackknife at the top of the Musto ISORA scoreboard. Full ISORA results here

Jackknife is no stranger to Irish waters is a regular ISORA contender and also a top-ranked Dun Laoghaire Dingle Race competitor.

The next ISORA race is on June 11th, just a week before the Round Ireland Race from Wicklow.

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Welsh yachts shared the bulk of the silverware in Saturday's second ISORA Cross Channel 60-mile race sailed in light westerly winds from Dun Laoghaire Harbour.

12 Irish and seven Welsh boats competed in the day-long Musto sponsored fixture that is a warm-up for the 700-mile Round Ireland Race in three weeks' time. 

Starting at 8 am, the Dun Laoghaire to Holyhead via M2 buoy race saw Andrew Hall's J/125 take line honours, IRC overall and the IRC Zero class win.

Second in IRC Zero was Robert Rendell's Grand Soleil 44 Samatom with Paul O'Higgins JPK10.80 Rockabill VI in third place. 

IRC One J109 sisterships shortly after the start at Dun Laoghaire Harbour; Mojito to windward  from Pwllheli and Indian from HowthIRC One J109 sisterships shortly after the start at Dun Laoghaire Harbour; Mojito to windward from Pwllheli and Indian from Howth

Topping IRC One was former ISORA champion Mojito (Peter Dunlop and Vicky Cox) who also took second in IRC overall. Second in class was Welsh J109 sistership Jaydreamer skippered by Paul Sutton. Third was Simon Knowles' Howth J109 Indian. 

IRC Two class yachts depart Dublin Bay in light airs in Race six of the ISORA seriesIRC Two class yachts depart Dublin Bay in light airs in Race six of the ISORA series

IRC Two honours went to Greystones Harbour First 34.7 Magic Touch skippered by Steve Hayes. Second and third were Sunfast 3200s Zig Zag (Pete Ashworth) and Jac Y Do (Mark Thompson).

Provisional results are here

Update Sunday, May 29th: Following the release of results, ISORA said there was 'an issue with Samatom’s finish time. The YB tracker was not correct. Samatom moves up to third overall'.

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Page 9 of 46

Irish Fishing industry 

The Irish Commercial Fishing Industry employs around 11,000 people in fishing, processing and ancillary services such as sales and marketing. The industry is worth about €1.22 billion annually to the Irish economy. Irish fisheries products are exported all over the world as far as Africa, Japan and China.

FAQs

Over 16,000 people are employed directly or indirectly around the coast, working on over 2,000 registered fishing vessels, in over 160 seafood processing businesses and in 278 aquaculture production units, according to the State's sea fisheries development body Bord Iascaigh Mhara (BIM).

All activities that are concerned with growing, catching, processing or transporting fish are part of the commercial fishing industry, the development of which is overseen by BIM. Recreational fishing, as in angling at sea or inland, is the responsibility of Inland Fisheries Ireland.

The Irish fishing industry is valued at 1.22 billion euro in gross domestic product (GDP), according to 2019 figures issued by BIM. Only 179 of Ireland's 2,000 vessels are over 18 metres in length. Where does Irish commercially caught fish come from? Irish fish and shellfish is caught or cultivated within the 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ), but Irish fishing grounds are part of the common EU "blue" pond. Commercial fishing is regulated under the terms of the EU Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), initiated in 1983 and with ten-yearly reviews.

The total value of seafood landed into Irish ports was 424 million euro in 2019, according to BIM. High value landings identified in 2019 were haddock, hake, monkfish and megrim. Irish vessels also land into foreign ports, while non-Irish vessels land into Irish ports, principally Castletownbere, Co Cork, and Killybegs, Co Donegal.

There are a number of different methods for catching fish, with technological advances meaning skippers have detailed real time information at their disposal. Fisheries are classified as inshore, midwater, pelagic or deep water. Inshore targets species close to shore and in depths of up to 200 metres, and may include trawling and gillnetting and long-lining. Trawling is regarded as "active", while "passive" or less environmentally harmful fishing methods include use of gill nets, long lines, traps and pots. Pelagic fisheries focus on species which swim close to the surface and up to depths of 200 metres, including migratory mackerel, and tuna, and methods for catching include pair trawling, purse seining, trolling and longlining. Midwater fisheries target species at depths of around 200 metres, using trawling, longlining and jigging. Deepwater fisheries mainly use trawling for species which are found at depths of over 600 metres.

There are several segments for different catching methods in the registered Irish fleet – the largest segment being polyvalent or multi-purpose vessels using several types of gear which may be active and passive. The polyvalent segment ranges from small inshore vessels engaged in netting and potting to medium and larger vessels targeting whitefish, pelagic (herring, mackerel, horse mackerel and blue whiting) species and bivalve molluscs. The refrigerated seawater (RSW) pelagic segment is engaged mainly in fishing for herring, mackerel, horse mackerel and blue whiting only. The beam trawling segment focuses on flatfish such as sole and plaice. The aquaculture segment is exclusively for managing, developing and servicing fish farming areas and can collect spat from wild mussel stocks.

The top 20 species landed by value in 2019 were mackerel (78 million euro); Dublin Bay prawn (59 million euro); horse mackerel (17 million euro); monkfish (17 million euro); brown crab (16 million euro); hake (11 million euro); blue whiting (10 million euro); megrim (10 million euro); haddock (9 million euro); tuna (7 million euro); scallop (6 million euro); whelk (5 million euro); whiting (4 million euro); sprat (3 million euro); herring (3 million euro); lobster (2 million euro); turbot (2 million euro); cod (2 million euro); boarfish (2 million euro).

Ireland has approximately 220 million acres of marine territory, rich in marine biodiversity. A marine biodiversity scheme under Ireland's operational programme, which is co-funded by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund and the Government, aims to reduce the impact of fisheries and aquaculture on the marine environment, including avoidance and reduction of unwanted catch.

EU fisheries ministers hold an annual pre-Christmas council in Brussels to decide on total allowable catches and quotas for the following year. This is based on advice from scientific bodies such as the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. In Ireland's case, the State's Marine Institute publishes an annual "stock book" which provides the most up to date stock status and scientific advice on over 60 fish stocks exploited by the Irish fleet. Total allowable catches are supplemented by various technical measures to control effort, such as the size of net mesh for various species.

The west Cork harbour of Castletownbere is Ireland's biggest whitefish port. Killybegs, Co Donegal is the most important port for pelagic (herring, mackerel, blue whiting) landings. Fish are also landed into Dingle, Co Kerry, Rossaveal, Co Galway, Howth, Co Dublin and Dunmore East, Co Waterford, Union Hall, Co Cork, Greencastle, Co Donegal, and Clogherhead, Co Louth. The busiest Northern Irish ports are Portavogie, Ardglass and Kilkeel, Co Down.

Yes, EU quotas are allocated to other fleets within the Irish EEZ, and Ireland has long been a transhipment point for fish caught by the Spanish whitefish fleet in particular. Dingle, Co Kerry has seen an increase in foreign landings, as has Castletownbere. The west Cork port recorded foreign landings of 36 million euro or 48 per cent in 2019, and has long been nicknamed the "peseta" port, due to the presence of Spanish-owned transhipment plant, Eiranova, on Dinish island.

Most fish and shellfish caught or cultivated in Irish waters is for the export market, and this was hit hard from the early stages of this year's Covid-19 pandemic. The EU, Asia and Britain are the main export markets, while the middle Eastern market is also developing and the African market has seen a fall in value and volume, according to figures for 2019 issued by BIM.

Fish was once a penitential food, eaten for religious reasons every Friday. BIM has worked hard over several decades to develop its appeal. Ireland is not like Spain – our land is too good to transform us into a nation of fish eaters, but the obvious health benefits are seeing a growth in demand. Seafood retail sales rose by one per cent in 2019 to 300 million euro. Salmon and cod remain the most popular species, while BIM reports an increase in sales of haddock, trout and the pangasius or freshwater catfish which is cultivated primarily in Vietnam and Cambodia and imported by supermarkets here.

The EU's Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), initiated in 1983, pooled marine resources – with Ireland having some of the richest grounds and one of the largest sea areas at the time, but only receiving four per cent of allocated catch by a quota system. A system known as the "Hague Preferences" did recognise the need to safeguard the particular needs of regions where local populations are especially dependent on fisheries and related activities. The State's Sea Fisheries Protection Authority, based in Clonakilty, Co Cork, works with the Naval Service on administering the EU CFP. The Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine and Department of Transport regulate licensing and training requirements, while the Marine Survey Office is responsible for the implementation of all national and international legislation in relation to safety of shipping and the prevention of pollution.

Yes, a range of certificates of competency are required for skippers and crew. Training is the remit of BIM, which runs two national fisheries colleges at Greencastle, Co Donegal and Castletownbere, Co Cork. There have been calls for the colleges to be incorporated into the third-level structure of education, with qualifications recognised as such.

Safety is always an issue, in spite of technological improvements, as fishing is a hazardous occupation and climate change is having its impact on the severity of storms at sea. Fishing skippers and crews are required to hold a number of certificates of competency, including safety and navigation, and wearing of personal flotation devices is a legal requirement. Accidents come under the remit of the Marine Casualty Investigation Board, and the Health and Safety Authority. The MCIB does not find fault or blame, but will make recommendations to the Minister for Transport to avoid a recurrence of incidents.

Fish are part of a marine ecosystem and an integral part of the marine food web. Changing climate is having a negative impact on the health of the oceans, and there have been more frequent reports of warmer water species being caught further and further north in Irish waters.

Brexit, Covid 19, EU policies and safety – Britain is a key market for Irish seafood, and 38 per cent of the Irish catch is taken from the waters around its coast. Ireland's top two species – mackerel and prawns - are 60 per cent and 40 per cent, respectively, dependent on British waters. Also, there are serious fears within the Irish industry about the impact of EU vessels, should they be expelled from British waters, opting to focus even more efforts on Ireland's rich marine resource. Covid-19 has forced closure of international seafood markets, with high value fish sold to restaurants taking a large hit. A temporary tie-up support scheme for whitefish vessels introduced for the summer of 2020 was condemned by industry organisations as "designed to fail".

Sources: Bord Iascaigh Mhara, Marine Institute, Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, Department of Transport © Afloat 2020